Autophagy-Mediated Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Sporadic ALS Patient iPSC-Derived Astrocytes

Figure 1

Identification of iPSC, NSC, and astrocyte. (a–e) Immunofluorescent (IF) staining of iPSC. SOX2 [SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 2], OCT4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4), SSEA4 ((stage-specific embryonic antigen 4), NANOG (Nanog homeobox), and TRA-1-60 (T-cell receptor alpha locus 60). (f–m) Flow cytometry of iPSCs for the markers (f, g) SOX2, (h, i) OCT3/4, (j, k) SSEA4, and (l, m) TRA-1-60. (n) Absolute fluorescent intensities of SOX2, OCT4, SSEA4, NANOG, and TRA-1-60 in the ALS patient and control iPSCs. (o–r) IF staining of patient and control NSCs for the markers (O&Q) SOX2, nestin, and DAPI. (p, r) PAX6 and DAPI. (s, t) IF staining of patient and control astrocytes for the markers (S) s100β (S100 Calcium Binding Protein B), GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein), and DAPI. (u) Absolute fluorescent intensities of Nestin, SOX2, and PAX6 in the ALS patient and control NSCs. (v) Absolute fluorescent intensities of s100β and GFAP in the AL patient and control astrocytes. represents .