Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Review Article

Unraveling the Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses, and Biological and Pharmacological Activities of Thymus algeriensis Boiss. & Reut

Table 3

In vitro antioxidant activities of T. algeriensis extracts.


Extract	Used method	Effects	Ref.

Algeria
Aerial parts
PE, CHCl₃, & n–BuOH	DPPH	(PE), (CHCl₃), and (n–BuOH)	[44]
	CUPRAC	(PE), (CHCl₃), and (n–BuOH)
	RP	(PE), (CHCl₃), and (n–BuOH)
	TAC	(PE), (CHCl₃), and (n–BuOH)
	FTC	(PE), (CHCl₃), and (n–BuOH)
EtOH & H₂O	DPPH	(EtOH), not active (H₂O)	[145]
EtOH & H₂O	ABTS	(EtOH), (H₂O)	[145]
MeOH–H₂O	DPPH		[24]
	Iron chelating
	β–Carotene bleaching
	TAC
	FRAP
H₂O & EtOH–H₂O	DPPH	(H₂O), (EtOH–H₂O)	[7]
	RP	(H₂O), (EtOH–H₂O)
	β–Carotene bleaching	(H₂O), (EtOH–H₂O)
	TBARS	(H₂O), (EtOH–H₂O)
EA & n–BuOH	DPPH	(EA) (n–BuOH)	[46]
EO	DPPH		[67]
EO	Phosphomolybdenum assay		[67]
MeOH–H₂O, acetone–H₂O, MeOH, acetone–H₂O	DPPH, ABTS, phosphomolybdenum	All extracts possess potential antioxidant activities compared to standards	[105]
EO	TBARS	Not active	[62]
	ABTS
	DPPH
	ORAC
	RP
	Chelating metal ions	Not active
	HRS	Not active
	Superoxide anion scavenging assay (nonenzymatic method)	Not active
EO	HRS	(ALG1–ALG3)	[35]
	DPPH	(chemotype and dose-dependent effect)
	TBARS	(ALG1–ALG3)
Leaves
MeOH	DPPH		[45]
MeOH	β–Carotene bleaching test		[45]
Lipophilic extract using olive oil (OO)	RP_lip	Significantly higher () than that of OO only (40 mg BHT eq/g OO)	[146]
EtOH & EO	DPPH	(EtOH), (EO)	[23]
	ABTS	(EtOH), (EO)
	RP	(EtOH), (EO)
	Phosphomolybdenum	(EtOH), (EO)
MeOH	DCFDA	No significant modification in ROS levels in HaCaT cells	[47]
MeOH	Western blot analyses	Significant increase in nuclear levels of Nrf–2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2) by up to 180% after incubation of the HaCaT cells for 15 min	[47]
H₂O & EO	DPPH	(EO), (H₂O)	[126]
	ABTS	(EO), (H₂O)
	TBARS	(EO), not active (H₂O)
	RP	(EO), (H₂O)
EO	DPPH		[42]
	ABTS
	TAC
Stem bark
EO	DPPH		[30]
Tunisia
Aerial parts
EO	DPPH		[29]
EO	β–Carotene bleaching
EO	DDPH		[49]
EO aqueous extract	DPPH FRAP		[127]
EO aqueous extract	DPPH FRAP		[127]
H₂O & hexane	DPPH	(H₂O)	[14]
H₂O & hexane	FRAP	Samples at vegetative and flowering stages (200, 300, 400, and 500 μg/mL) reduced the Fe³⁺ to Fe²⁺ with lower potency than BHT	[14]
EO	DPPH		[118]
EtOH & H₂O	DPPH		[147]
	FRAP
	β–Carotene bleaching
EO & MeOH	DPPH	(MeOH), (EO)	[20]
	ABTS	(MeOH), (EO)
	β–Carotene bleaching	(MeOH), (EO)
Leaves
MeOH	DPPH		[21]
	FRAP
	β–Carotene bleaching
EO	DPPH		[28]
EO	ABTS		[28]
Leaves & flowers
EO	DPPH	(L), (F)	[69]
MeOH & H₂O	DPPH	(H₂O), (MeOH)	[19]
Morocco
Aerial parts
EA & MeOH	DPPH		[148]
EA & MeOH	β–Carotene bleaching
EO	DPPH		[50]
EO	DPPH		[53]
EO	DPPH		[131]
EO
Leaves
H₂O	DPPH		[140]
EO	DPPH		[149]
EO	ABTS		[149]
Libya
Aerial parts
EO	DPPH		[73]
	RP
	β–Carotene bleaching
	TBARS
	DPPH		[43]
	DPPH		[6]

ABTS: 2,2-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; AEAC: ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity; BHT: butyl-hydroxytoluene; CUPRAC: cupric reducing antioxidant capacity; DCFDA: dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate; EA: ethyl acetate; EAA: equivalents of ascorbic acid; FRAP: ferric-reducing antioxidant power; FTC: ferric thiocyanate; HRS: hydroxyl radical scavenging; ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity; PE: petroleum ether; RP: reducing power; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.