AKG Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury through c-Fos/IL-10/Stat3 Signaling Pathway

Figure 3

In MCAO mice, AKG therapy decreased inflammatory response and oxidative damage. (a–d) Representative blots of proinflammatory cytokines and quantitative analysis (). (e–g) The levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA (). (h and i) The levels of superoxide anions as determined by DHE staining are shown in representative photos and quantitative analysis (). Scale bar, 100 μm. (j–l) SOD, MDA, and GSH levels were measured using SOD, MDA, and GSH kits (). and versus the sham group and ^# and ^## versus the MCAO group.