Ketone Body Improves Neurological Outcomes after Cardiac Arrest by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission in Rats

Figure 6

β-Hydroxybutyrate (β-HB) decreased mitochondrial fission and improved brain mitochondrial function after cardiac arrest. (a) Representative transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of brain mitochondria at 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The neuronal nucleus (Nu) is surrounded by relatively uniform and compact mitochondria. . (b) Quantification of brain mitochondrial area by TEM () and at least 40 mitochondria were counted in each group. (c–e) β-HB treatment decreased Drp1 and p-Drp1 616 protein expression levels at 24 h after ROSC (). (f, g) β-HB treatment increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression levels at 24 h after ROSC (). (h) β-HB treatment increased brain adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels at 24 h after ROSC (). (i) β-HB treatment increased brain NAD⁺/NADH ratio at 24 h after ROSC (). Data are presented as . ^# versus control group. versus sham group.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)

(i)