Research Article

Early Development of Cardiac Fibrosis in Young Old-Father Offspring

Figure 1

Cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive old father offspring. Evaluation of heart and echocardiographic parameters. Histograms showing (a) IVSTd: end-diastolic interventricular septal thickness in centimeter (cm), (b) LVPWd: end-diastolic left ventricular posterior wall thickness in cm, (c) LVIDd: end-diastolic left ventricular internal diameter in cm, (d) HR: heart rate in beats per minute (bpm), (e) HW: heart weight and TL: tibia length (mg/cm), (f) systolic blood pressure histogram in mm of mercury (mmHg), and (g, h) echocardiographic parameters for cardiac function evaluation in different animal groups. EF: ejection fraction; FS: fractional shortening, in %. , , , and .
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