Early Development of Cardiac Fibrosis in Young Old-Father Offspring

Figure 4

Upregulation of TGF-β and its downstream ERK protein in L-NAME old father offspring. (a–g) Western blots and quantifications of TGF-β1, SMAD3, p-SMAD3, SMAD2, p-SMAD2, ERK, pERK, NFATc3, pNFATc43, p38, pp38, NFTAc4, and pNFTAc4, respectively, in the hearts of the different animal groups, with GAPDH as an internal control ( for each condition). TGF-β1: transforming growth factor beta 1; SMAD2/3: mothers against decapentaplegic homologs 2/3; NFATC3/4: nuclear factor of activated T cells 3/4; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; p: phospho; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; a.u.: arbitrary unit. All quantitative data are reported as . .

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