Rumdul (Sphaerocoryne affinis) Antioxidant Activity and Its Potential for Parkinson’s Disease Treatment

Figure 7

Rumdul fruit water extract ameliorates the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons caused by knockdown of dUCH in adult flies. (a₁–c₁) Immunostaining images of dopaminergic neurons of the control (TH>GFP-IR) and dUCH-knockdown flies (TH>dUCH-IR) treated with 0, 3, 6, and 12 mg/mL of RFWE at day 1 (a₁), day 15 (b₁), and day 30 (c₁). Scale bars indicate 20 μm. (a₂–c₂) The numbers of dopaminergic neurons in the PPM3 cluster at 1-day-old (a₂), 15-day-old (b₂), and 30-day-old (c₂) (, , and , respectively). (a₃–c₃) The total numbers of dopaminergic neurons at 1-day-old (a₃), 15-day-old (b₃), and 30-day-old (c₃) (, , and , respectively). One-way ANOVA, post hoc test: Dunnett, ns: not significant, , , and . Data are .

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