α-Lipoic Acid-Plus Ameliorates Endothelial Injury by Inhibiting the Apoptosis Pathway Mediated by Intralysosomal Cathepsins in an In Vivo and In Vitro Endothelial Injury Model

Figure 6

LAP attenuated cellular damage and improved cellular viability in vitro. (a) Live–dead cellular staining: green staining indicates viable cells, and red staining indicates dead cells. Scale bar, 250 μm. (b) The percentage of living cells revealed by live–dead cellular staining. (c) Cell viability was tested by the SRB assay in HUVECs. (d) Cell damage was tested by the LDH assay in the cultured HUVECs. (e) HUVEC apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst staining. (f) EC degeneration in the endothelium 48 h after CAII was detected by FJB staining (green). Arrows point to apoptosis-positive and FJB-positive cells. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data are shown as the . vs. control group; vs. OxyHb group; vs. OxyHb+DFO group; .

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