α-Lipoic Acid-Plus Ameliorates Endothelial Injury by Inhibiting the Apoptosis Pathway Mediated by Intralysosomal Cathepsins in an In Vivo and In Vitro Endothelial Injury Model

Figure 7

Effect of DFO and LAP treatments on mitochondrial damage under HUVEC injury conditions. (a) IF analysis was performed using ATPB antibody (green), and the nuclei were fluorescently labeled with DAPI (blue). (b) Alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). The presence of red fluorescence represents normal ΔΨm and a healthy state of the cells. Green fluorescence represents reduced ΔΨm, and the cells are most likely in the early stage of apoptosis. (c) The mean value of the fluorescence intensity of the control group was normalized to 1.0. (d) JC-1 IF intensity ratio (red/green) in HUVECs. Scale bar, 100 μm. Data are shown as the . vs. control group; vs. OxyHb group; vs. OxyHb+DFO group; .

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