DL-3-N-Butylphthalide Promotes Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Synthesis and Inhibits Osteoarthritis Development by Regulating FoxO3a

Figure 1

NBP was identified as a chondrogenic inducer that increased ECM anabolism of human OA chondrocytes in vitro. (a) Chemical structure of NBP. (b) Alcian blue staining (scale bar, 100 μm). (c) Immunofluorescence staining of COLII (scale bar, 100 μm). (d) The CCK8 assay measured the cytotoxicity of NBP on chondrocytes at different concentrations for 24 h. (e, f) The protein expressions of COL2A1 and ACAN were detection by Western blot analysis after chondrocytes were treated with NBP for 24 h. (g) The mRNA levels of COL2A1, ACAN, PRG4, and SOX9 were detected using qRT-PCR. (h, i) The expressions of COLII and ACAN were detected by the immunofluorescence assay (scale bar, 100 μm). All data are expressed as the (SD). .

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