GLX351322, a Novel NADPH Oxidase 4 Inhibitor, Attenuates TMJ Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the ROS/MAPK/NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Figure 3

GLX reduces LPS-induced intracellular ROS production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. (a) Confocal images of RAW 264.7 macrophages after negative control, LPS, LPS with 10 μM GLX treatment, and LPS with 40 μM GLX treatment stained with DCFH-DA. (b) Confocal images of RAW 264.7 macrophages after negative control, LPS, LPS with 10 μM GLX treatment, and LPS with 40 μM GLX treatment stained with DHE. (c) Quantification of the relative DCF fluorescence (% of control) ( independent samples). (d) Quantification of the relative DHE fluorescence (% of control) ( independent samples). (e) Intracellular NADPH/Total NADPH level of RAW 264.7 macrophages after negative control, LPS, LPS with 10 μM GLX treatment, and LPS with 40 μM GLX treatment ( independent samples). The data represent the from three independent replicates (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc tests). , compared with the control group; ^#, ^## compared with the LPS group.

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