Microbiota from Exercise Mice Counteracts High-Fat High-Cholesterol Diet-Induced Cognitive Impairment in C57BL/6 Mice

Figure 5

Glucose and insulin tolerance test, hippocampal insulin signaling, and mitochondrial function-related markers, and Krebs cycle metabolites from cerebral cortex. The blood glucose levels at indicated timepoints for GTT (a) and ITT (b), respectively, and (c) AUC of GTT and ITT. (d) IRS2, PI3K p110α, and p-AKT (Thr308) protein expressions from hippocampus were measured by western blot. The Krebs cycle intermediate metabolites were measured by GC-MS with α-ketoglutarate, cis-aconitate (e), and citric acid (f) as significantly altered metabolites. (g) Protein expression including CV-ATP5A, CIII-UQCRC2, CIV-MTCO1, and p-AMPK from hippocampus was measured by western blot. Data were presented as (). versus CON and ^# versus FMTSED.

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