A Qualitative Study to Explore Ways to Observe Results of Engaging Activities in Clients with Dementia

Table 2

Major themes, subthemes, and brief explanations for each subthemes.

Main themes	Subthemes	Brief explanations for each subthemes
Engaging activity	Directing attention to activity	To direct one’s attention and to show an interest to activity from a gaze, utterance, and an expression
	Initiating activity	To initiate an activity of one’s own will or to initiate it after invitation without refusal to an activity
	Continuing activity	To continue an activity for a long time
	Concentrating on activity	To concentrate on an activity with serious expression and innocence
	Expressing skill and knowledge	To express knowledge or to explain it to others
	Trying new things during activity	To change the posture, or make a task and a role in an activity and to try a new thing during an activity
Emotion during activity	Expressing delight during activity	To smile or be glad without severe expression
	Being calm through activity	To be clam or relaxed without anxiety or poise
Expression during activity	Increasing utterance	To increase amount of words or to speak fluently
	Reminiscing	To recall the past and to do a reminiscence
Social interaction through activity	Starting social interaction	To be interested in others, for example, to gaze others and to try to communicate with them
	Sharing an activity with other people	To do something with others or to share place or activity with others
	Teaching other people	To engage in an activity as a role of teaching someone knowledge and skills
	Considering other people	To consider others, to do something for them, and to thank others during activity
	Expressing themselves to other people	To express one’s feeling or opinion in words to others
Something obtained as outcome of activity	Expressing a sense of capability	To confirms one’s own ability or to show sense of capability about results of the activity
	Expressing satisfaction	To indicate satisfaction to a result of the activity and praise from others
	Attracting next activities	To show the sign which looks forward to the next activity, to plan the next activity, or to begin different activity of one’ will continuously