Pinnipeds and PTSD: An Analysis of a Human-Animal Interaction Case Study Program for a Veteran

Table 3

Impact on PCL-5 accumulative sum (Σ) scores for PTSD criteria clusters and overall PCL-5 score ().

PTSD criteria	PCL-5 questions clusters for PTSD criteria	T1 Σ score	T2 Σ score	T3 Σ score	Overall difference from T1–T3 (week 1 to week 4)
B: Intrusion	1 to 5	14	11	8	−6
C: Persistent	6 and 7	7	3	2	−5
D: Negative alterations in cognition and mood	8 to 14	19	16	17	−2
E: Alterations in arousal and reactivity	15 to 20	19	18	17	−2
Total score	1 to 20	59	48	44	−15

Table key: T1 = week 1 (pretest), T2 = week 2 (midpoint), T3 = week 4 (posttest), Σ = sum (of cluster questions per PTSD criteria).