Daily Performance of Adolescents with Executive Function Deficits: An Empirical Study Using a Complex-Cooking Task
Table 2
Participants’ inclusion criteria and additional measure for characterizing EFD profile.
Inclusion criteria
EFD group ()
TD group ()
WISC-R95
()
()
Vocabulary
9.63 (2.43)
11.80 (2.69)
14.43
<.001
.15
Block design
11.20 (2.96)
13.38 (2.09)
14.56
<.001
.15
()
Range
()
Range
BRIEF-BRI
67.70 (9.72)
52-94
46.32 (8.15)
36-66
11.73
<.001
BRIEF-MI
66.65 (6.34)
50-81
42.95 (6.13)
33-59
17.10
<.001
BRIEF-GEC
69.09 (5.26)
58-80
43.82 (6.36)
33-55
19.44
<.001
BRIEF subscales
()
Range
()
Range
Inhibition
63.00 (12.13)
40–100
45.92 (6.70)
40–63
61.01
<.001
.43
Shift
70.29 (11.04)
48–95
46.47 (6.86)
38–59
135.17
<.001
.63
Emotional control
68.68 (12.15)
45–91
47.05 (9.05)
36–64
82.17
<.001
.51
Initiation
62.21 (9.43)
44–79
42.47 (5.93)
35–56
126.35
<.001
.61
Working memory
67.44 (8.51)
49–82
43.65 (5.43)
36–57
223.32
<.001
.73
Plan/Org
67.41 (7.46)
47–82
43.77 (6.45)
37–63
231.87
<.001
.74
Organization of materials
59.46 (7.83)
40–70
46.60 (9.16)
34–66
46.17
<.001
.36
Monitor
63.65 (6.95)
48–82
42.87 (7.62)
33–58
164.36
<.001
.67
EFD profile
()
Range
()
Range
BRIEF-SR-BRI
59.07 (12.18)
37-84
45.85 (10.36)
18-68
5.26
<.001
BRIEF-SR-MI
58.71 (10.83)
31-81
43.35 (8.59)
22-63
7.07
<.001
BRIEF-SR-GEC
59.39 (11.24)
33-84
45.10 (9.64)
19-67
6.14
<.001
BRIEF-SR subscales
()
Range
()
Range
Inhibition
55.70 (11.07)
34–86
46.52 (8.29)
34–66
17.77
<.001
.18
Shift
58.60 (14.35)
32–91
45.85 (9.41)
32–78
22.25
<.001
.22
Emotional control
61.17 (10.96)
38–83
49.35 (9.98)
28–71
25.71
<.001
.25
Monitor
54.09 (10.10)
36–76
45.77 (8.51)
31–63
16.05
<.001
.17
Working memory
56.04 (11.39)
34–86
43.50 (7.57)
32–61
33.92
<.001
.30
Plan/Org
58.32 (10.89)
31–79
45.15 (10.49)
18–75
30.69
<.001
.28
Organization of materials
55.22 (11.54)
33–76
45.07 (8.00)
33–64
21.01
<.001
.21
Task completion
61.12 (11.00)
35–84
43.55 (8.08)
26–61
66.81
<.001
.46
WebNeuro domain
()
()
Memory
-0.59 (1.40)
.550 (.58)
23.15
<.001
.22
Attention
-1.09 (1.04)
.160 (.87)
34.93
<.001
.30
Executive
-0.57 (1.10)
.350 (.71)
20.16
<.001
.20
Note: EFD: group with executive function deficits; TD: group with typical development; : mean; : standard deviation; WISC-95: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children; BRIEF: Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function.
