Subjects were treated randomly with TENS and t-NMES. Passive external rotation without pain and the abduction range of motion of the affected shoulder during stimulation were measured.
There were no significant differences between subjects in range of motion without pain for external rotation or abduction. This demonstrates the lack of an acute effect of TENS and t-NMES in reducing pain.
3
Mendigutia-Gomez et al.
Effect of Dry Needling on Spasticity, Shoulder Range of Motion, and Pressure Pain Sensitivity in Patients With Stroke
2016
20
Dry needling (DDN)
Control and experimental group. The experimental group received the standard treatment combined with DDN on the subscapular infra-spinal trapezius muscles and the pectoralis major muscle on the spastic shoulder.
Patients who received DDN exhibited improved range of motion due to decreased spasticity in the infraspinatus muscle. There was a significantly higher increase in all pressure pain thresholds, abduction and external rotation of the shoulder, after DDN.
5
Chatterjee et al.
The California Tri-pull Taping Method in the Treatment of Shoulder Subluxation After Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial
2016
30
California tripull taping (CTPT)
All participants received conventional neurorehabilitation 5 days a week for 6 weeks, half of the participants also received CTPT.
The CTPT method demonstrated a significant reduction in pain in the treatment group, significant improvement in active shoulder flexion, and significant improvement in proximal arm function.
2
Jang et al.
Effects of Brain-Computer Interface-Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Training on Shoulder Subluxation for Patients with Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2016
20
Functional electrical stimulation (FES) controlled by brain-computerinterface (BCI)
20 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: the BCI-FES group () and the FES group (). Patients in the BCI-FES group received conventional therapy with BCI-FES in the subluxation area of the shoulder of the paretic upper extremity, five times a week for 6 weeks, while the FES group received conventional therapy with the FES.
The BCI-FES group demonstrated significant improvements in the assessments of pain and manual function used. The results of this study suggest that training with BCI-FES can be effective to improve the subluxation of the shoulder of stroke patients, facilitating motor recovery.
