Higher Rumination Tendency Is Associated with Reduced Positive Effects of Daily Activity Participation in People with Depressive Disorder
Table 2
The differences in participation profiles of the most meaningful activities between participants with higher vs. lower rumination tendency.
Variable
Higher rumination
Lower rumination
Total
Types of participation
0.398
Cultural activity
17 (19.32%)
9 (16.98%)
26 (18.44%)
0.825
Social activity
5 (5.68%)
1 (1.89%)
6 (4.26%)
0.410
Hobby activity
8 (9.09%)
5 (9.43%)
13 (9.22%)
1.000
Physical activity
11 (12.50%)
12 (22.64%)
23 (16.31%)
0.157
Health maintenance
10 (11.36%)
9 (16.98%)
19 (13.48%)
0.446
Home activity
11 (12.50%)
8 (15.09%)
19 (13.48%)
0.800
Vocational activity
26 (29.55%)
9 (16.98%)
35 (24.82%)
0.110
Missing
0
2
2
Frequency of participation
0.155
Less than once a month
2 (2.27%)
0 (0.00%)
2 (1.43%)
0.530
Once a month
1 (1.14%)
0 (0.00%)
1 (0.71%)
1.000
Twice to thrice a month
3 (3.41%)
0 (0.00%)
3 (2.14%)
0.295
Once a week
16 (18.18%)
6 (11.54%)
22 (15.71%)
0.345
Twice to thrice a week
8 (9.09%)
9 (17.31%)
17 (12.14%)
0.184
Quartic to sextic a week
8 (9.09%)
9 (17.31%)
17 (12.14%)
0.184
Once a day
39 (44.32%)
17 (32.69%)
56 (40.00%)
0.213
More than twice a day
11 (12.50%)
11 (21.15%)
22 (15.71%)
0.230
Missing
0
3
3
Co-participants of participation
0.917
Alone
50 (57.47%)
27 (54.00%)
77 (56.20%)
0.724
Family
13 (14.94%)
7 (14.00%)
20 (14.60%)
1.000
Ward mates
4 (4.60%)
3 (6.00%)
7 (5.11%)
0.706
Medical staffers
0 (0.00%)
0 (0.00%)
0 (0.00%)
—
Colleagues
9 (10.34%)
6 (12.00%)
15 (10.95%)
0.770
Friends/classmates
10 (11.49%)
5 (10.00%)
15 (10.95%)
0.572
Others
1 (1.15%)
2 (4.00%)
3 (2.19%)
0.138
Missing
1
5
6
Settings of participation
0.976
Home
31 (35.23%)
21 (40.38%)
52 (37.14%)
0.589
Hospital
9 (10.23%)
6 (11.54%)
15 (10.71%)
0.785
Market/department store
2 (2.27%)
1 (1.92%)
3 (2.14%)
1.000
Company/workplace
16 (18.18%)
9 (17.31%)
25 (17.86%)
1.000
Park/play ground
8 (9.09%)
6 (11.54%)
14 (10.00%)
0.211
Church/Temple
5 (5.68%)
2 (3.85%)
7 (5.00%)
0.196
School/classroom
10 (11.36%)
3 (5.77%)
13 (9.29%)
0.099
Others (e.g., swimming pool)
7 (7.95%)
4 (7.69%)
11 (7.86%)
0.956
Missing
0
3
3
Purposes of participation
<0.001
For economic reasons
18 (21.43%)
5 (10.00%)
23 (17.16%)
0.246
Like being with people
1 (1.19%)
7 (14.00%)
8 (5.97%)
0.013
Meeting other’s expectations
20 (23.81%)
0 (0.00%)
20 (14.93%)
<0.001
Own responsibility
15 (17.86%)
13 (26.00%)
28 (20.90%)
0.135
Relaxing body and mind
22 (26.19%)
18 (36.00%)
40 (29.85%)
0.249
Others (e.g., religious belief)
8 (9.52%)
7 (14.00%)
15 (11.19%)
0.086
Missing
4
5
9
Participation hours
<0.001
Coparticipants’ numbers
0.989
Sense of involvement
0.041
Positive affection
0.272
Negative affection
0.837
Self-worth
0.997
The sample statistics presented in this table were deviation (SD) for continuous variables and frequency (percentage, %) for categorical variables. The listed values of statistical tests were calculated using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and the Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. ,, and .
