Effects of Combining Cognitive Behavioral Therapy with Bilateral Upper Limb Training in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 4
Comparison of depression, anxiety, upper limb function, and occupational performance between pretest and posttest and the variance between control and experimental groups.
Pretest
Posttest
value
Between-groups
value
(SD)
(SD)
(SD)
ATQ-N
E
98.60 (9.66)†
78.20 (9.21)
-2.805
0.005
-21.50 (2.95)
-3.807
C
97.40 (9.77)
96.70 (9.93)
-1.933
0.053
-0.70 (0.94)
KDS
E
60.50 (8.42)
45.50 (7.09)
-2.816
0.005
-15.00 (1.82)
-3.798
C
59.50 (8.29)
58.30 (8.12)
-1.509
0.131
-1.20 (2.14)
STAI-KYZ(S)
E
67.70 (7.22)
56.50 (6.67)
-2.829
0.005
-11.20 (2.85)
-3.814
C
68.40 (7.47)
67.20 (7.11)
-1.852
0.064
-0.70 (1.15)
STAI-KYZ(T)
E
61.80 (8.84)
52.60 (10.28)
-2.692
0.007
-10.10 (1.85)
-3.845
C
62.10 (8.62)
61.40 (8.83)
-1.933
0.053
-0.60 (0.84)
MFT
E
14.00 (5.61)
19.70 (4.87)
-2.840
0.005
-1.538
0.124
C
14.40 (5.92)
19.20 (5.80)
-2.831
0.005
MAL-AOU
E
60.10 (23.06)
75.00 (23.07)
-2.809
0.005
-1.227
0.220
C
61.60 (21.72)
74.90 (22.92)
-2.814
0.005
MAL-QOM
E
58.50 (23.61)
68.50 (24.50)
-2.831
0.005
-1.500
0.134
C
59.80 (22.65)
68.30 (23.59)
-2.814
0.005
COPM-P
E
3.10 (1.36)
6.78 (1.40)
-2.814
0.003
-3.971
C
3.20 (1.51)
5.22 (1.50)
-3.051
0.005
COPM-S
E
1.92 (0.97)
6.30 (1.65)
-2.818
0.003
-3.845
C
2.80 (1.25)
4.84 (1.22)
-2.972
0.005
,, and . E: experimental group; C: control group; ATQ-N: Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Negative; KDS: Korean Depression Scale; STAI-KYZ: State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Korean YZ; MFT: Manual Function Test; MAL: Motor Activity Log; COPM: Canadian Occupational Performance Measure.
