The Effects of Group-Based versus Individual-Based Tai Chi Training on Nonmotor Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Parkinson’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Table 2
Comparison of mean changes before and after intervention.
Outcome measure
Group
Time
Changes Mean (SD)
P value
Baseline Mean (SD)
After 13 weeks Mean (SD)
NMSS
Group-based
61.26 (19.86)
51.31 (20.72)
−9.94 (9.07)
0.000
Individual-based
68.82 (25.31)
62.17 (22.47)
−6.88 (7.54)
0.002
P value: GbG versus IbG
0.323
0.282
PDSS
Group-based
97.42 (15.81)
108.15 (16.32)
10.21 (10.82)
0.000
Individual-based
96.82 (20.35)
105.11 (20.22)
8.29 (4.77)
0.000
P value: GbG versus IbG
0.923
0.506
HAMD
Group-based
12.94 (3.59)
12.10 (3.05)
−0.84 (2.26)
0.123
Individual-based
13.00 (3.35)
12.23 (3.68)
−0.76 (2.19)
0.170
P value: GbG versus IbG
0.964
0.918
MoCA-BJ
Group-based
21.26 (3.05)
22.89 (2.86)
1.63 (1.94)
0.002
Individual-based
22.00 (2.78)
22.58 (2.51)
0.58 (1.46)
0.116
P value: GbG versus IbG
0.456
0.081
HeCR
Group-based
64.84 (13.99)
Individual-based
51.17 (19.12)
P value: GbG versus IbG
0.019
Numbers in parentheses represent the standard error. compared with baseline. P < 0.05 group-based group (GbG) compared with individual-based group (IbG) after 13 weeks.. NMSS, Non-Motor Symptom Scale; PDSS, Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; MoCA-BJ, Beijing version-Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HeCR, home exercise compliance rate.
