Dietary Variations in a Multiethnic Parkinson’s Disease Cohort and Possible Influences on Nonmotor Aspects: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study
Table 5
Other dietary habits between the three different ethnic groups.
White
Asian
BAC
value
%
%
%
Chicken (serving size: 1 large or two small pieces (125 grams))
Weekly Consumption
58
87.9
23
69.7
32
82.1
0.086
Negligible consumption
8
12.1
10
30.3
7
17.9
Beef (serving size: 1 large or two small pieces (125 grams))
Weekly consumption
37
56.1
4
12.1
19
48.7
<0.001,A,B
Negligible consumption
29
43.9
29
87.9
20
51.3
Pork (serving size: 1 large or two small pieces (125 grams))
Weekly consumption
38
57.6
3
9.1
9
23.7
<0.001,A,C
Negligible consumption
28
42.4
30
90.9
29
76.3
Fish (serving size: 1 large or two small pieces (125 grams))
Weekly consumption
55
83.3
22
66.7
35
89.7
0.037
Negligible consumption
11
16.7
11
33.3
4
10.3
Red vegetables (serving size: 1/2 cup)
Weekly consumption
61
92.4
32
94.1
33
86.8
0.578
Negligible consumption
5
7.6
2
5.9
5
13.2
Nonred vegetables (serving size: 1/2 cup)
Weekly consumption
63
95.5
31
93.9
36
92.3
0.894
Negligible consumption
3
4.5
2
6.1
3
7.7
Fresh fruits (serving size: 1 medium)
Weekly consumption
65
98.5
31
93.9
38
97.4
0.360
Negligible consumption
1
1.5
2
6.1
1
2.6
Cheese (serving size: 1 slice, 15 grams)
Weekly consumption
57
86.4
23
67.6
25
64.1
0.017
Negligible consumption
9
13.6
11
32.4
14
35.9
Milk (serving size: 1 cup (do not include nondairy milks))
Weekly consumption
54
81.8
27
79.4
34
89.5
0.468
Negligible consumption
12
18.2
7
20.6
4
10.5
Diet soft-fizzy drinks (serving size: 1 can)
Weekly consumption
24
36.4
11
32.4
11
28.2
0.688
Negligible consumption
42
63.6
23
67.6
28
71.8
Nondiet soft-fizzy drinks (serving size: 1 can)
Weekly consumption
18
27.3
12
35.3
9
23.1
0.501
Negligible consumption
48
72.7
22
64.7
30
76.9
Bread (serving size: 1 slice or 1 roll)
Weekly consumption
63
96.9
32
94.1
37
94.9
0.656
Negligible consumption
2
3.1
2
5.9
2
5.1
Pasta (serving size: 1 cup)
Weekly consumption
47
73.4
17
50.0
23
59.0
0.057
Negligible consumption
17
26.6
17
50.0
16
41.0
Grains (serving size: 1 cup)
Weekly consumption
54
84.4
33
97.1
39
100.0
0.006
Negligible consumption
10
15.6
1
2.9
0
0.0
Soy (serving size: 1 cup)
Weekly consumption
5
7.6
6
17.6
3
7.7
0.290
Negligible consumption
61
92.4
28
82.4
36
92.3
Nuts (serving size: one serving 1/3 cups)
Weekly consumption
40
60.6
23
67.6
15
37.5
0.026
Negligible consumption
26
39.4
11
32.4
24
61.5
Abbreviations: = number; BAC = Black African and Caribbean. Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to test differences between the three different ethnic groups. These remain statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (). Post hoc analysis between the different pairs of ethnicities: multiple comparisons were corrected with Bonferroni method; significant differences are highlighted as A for Asian versus White, B for Asian versus Black African and Caribbean, and C for White versus Black African and Caribbean.
