Predictive Factors of Concerns about Falling in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A 3-Year Longitudinal Study

Table 3

Multivariable linear regression analyses with FES-I (at 3-year follow-up) as the dependent variable: model I (unadjusted for FES-I scores at baseline), n = 145.

Independent variables^a	B (95% CI)	value	β (standardized B)
Walking difficulties (walk-12G)	0.506 (0.284, 0.728)	<0.001	0.378
Age (years)	0.355 (0.175, 0.534)	<0.001	0.227
Dual task: balance problems (yes = 1)	4.96 (0.967, 8.95)	0.015	0.172
ADL: needing help (PADLS, yes = 1)	5.86 (1.37, 10.4)	0.011	0.171
Depressive symptoms (GDS-15)	0.595 (−0.025, 1.22)	0.060	0.118
Sex (woman = 1)	3.17 (−0.136, 6.47)	0.060	0.107
	R square 59.3%; adjusted R square 57.5%

FES-I = Falls Efficacy Scale-International; walk-12G = generic walk-12 (0–42, higher = worse); ADL = activities of daily living; PADLS = Parkinson’s disease ADL scale (those who scored >2 were classified as needing help from others in daily activities); GDS-15 = geriatric depression scale (0–15, higher = worse). ^aThe following 17 independent variables were included in the initial model: age; sex; severity of parkinsonian motor symptoms; motor fluctuations; need help in ADL; use of mobility device outdoors; walking difficulties; a history of falls; freezing of gait; balance problems while dual tasking; orthostatism; living alone; cognitive functioning; general self-efficacy; pain; depressive symptoms; and fatigue. Statistically significant values are bolded.