Do Upper and Lower Camptocormias Affect Gait and Postural Control in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease? An Observational Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients.

	Total Group	CC Upper	CC Lower	PD	Value
Patients, no.	46	16	14	16
Age, mean (SD), yrs	70.9 (6.6)	71.6 (4.36)	70.3 (8.21)	70.7 (7.3)	0.787^c
Gender, M/F	31/15	12/4	7/7	12/4	0.283
UPDRS total score	53.1 (23.9)	53 (30.2)	59.6 (18.4)	47.5 (21.1)	0.250^c
UPDRS III score	29.7 (14.3)	29.2 (17.6)	33.9 (11.9)	26.4 (12.2)	0.283^c
H&Y stage	2.2 (0.8)	2.2 (0.9)	2.6 (0.6)	1.8 (0.6)	0.011
Dominant phenotype, n (%)					0.131^c
Tremor type	11 (24)	5 (31.2)	1 (7.2)	5 (31.2)	—
Bradykinetic/rigid type	29 (63)	7 (43.8)	12 (85.7)	10 (62.5)	—
Mixed type	6 (13)	4 (25)	1 (7.1)	1 (6.3)	—
MoCA	24.3 (3.3)	23.7 (3.9)	24.1 (3.1)	25.2 (3.1)	0.545^c
PDQ8	20.1 (13.3)	18.2 (11.8)	25.9 (13.1)	16.8 (14)	0.043^c
Falls	1.1 (1.9)	1.2 (2.5)	1.6 (1.8)	0.5 (0.9)	0.175^c
Mini-BESTest	19.6 (5.6)	19.1 (6.5)	16.6 (4.7)	22.7 (3.6)	0.007

CC denotes patients with Parkinson’s disease and camptocormia according to consensus-based diagnostic criteria (Fasano2018); PD, patients with Parkinson’s disease (without CC); SD, standard deviation; M, Male; F, Female; yrs, years; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; UPDRS III, subitem of UPDRS scale part III; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr stage; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PDQ8, Parkinson’ s Disease Questionnaire-8; Falls, number of falls in the previous month; ^aWelch’s ANOVA test; ^bFisher’s exact test; ^cKruskal–Wallis H test; significant if < .05; values with and in bold are considered statistically significant.