Parkinson’s Disease

Review Article

Cognitive Impairment in Genetic Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Studies assessing cognition in LRRK2-associated PD.


	Participants	Ethnicity	Type of study	Cognitive measures	Findings

Belarbi et al. [22]	23 LRRK2-PD (all p.G2019S) 48 IPD	Algerian	Cross-sectional	MMSE, MDRS, FAB, neuropsychological battery	No significant differences
Shanker et al. [23]	21 LRRK2-PD (all p.G2019S) 21 IPD	Ashkenazi Jewish	Cross-sectional	MMSE Hopkins verbal learning test Judgment line orientation test FAB	No significant differences
Ben Sassi et al. [24]	55 LRRK2-PD (all p.G2019S) 55 IPD Tunisian cohort	Maghrebi	Cross-sectional	MMSE, MoCA, FAB	No significant differences
Mirelman et al. [25]	50 LRRK2-PD all p.G2019S) 50 IPD	Ashkenazi Jewish	Cross-sectional	MoCA, trail-making tests A and B, verbal fluency, digit span, and Stroop test	No significant differences
Estanga a et al. [26]	30 LRRK2-PD (all p.R1441C) 30 IPD	Caucasian	Cross-sectional	MDS criteria for PD-MCI and PDD Neuropsychological battery	No significant differences
Zheng et al. [27]	45 LRRK2-PD (all S1647T) 45 IPD	Asian	Cross-sectional	MMSE Neuropsychological battery	No significant differences
Srivatsal et al. [28]	29 LRRK2-PD (24 with p.G2019S and 5 with p.R1441C) 1326 IPD	Caucasian	Cross-sectional	MMSE Clinical diagnosis of dementia Neuropsychological battery	LRRK2-PD performed better on MMSE and working memory, and had lower frequency of dementia (4% vs 19.6%)
Somme et al. [29]	27 LRRK2-PD (all p.R1441G) 27 IPD	Caucasian	Cross-sectional	Semistructured interview (subjective cognitive complaints) MDRS neuropsychological battery	LRRK2-PD performed better on general cognition (MDRS) and episodic verbal memory
Alcalay et al. [30]	116 LRRK2-PD (all p.G2019S) 120 IPD	Ashkenazi Jewish	Cross-sectional	Neuropsychological battery	LRRK2-PD performed better on attention and language tasks
Hoon et al. [31]	23 LRRK2-PD (all G2385R) 276 IPD	Asian	Cross-sectional	MMSE, MoCA (Korean version)	No significant differences
Saunders-Pullman et al. [32]	144 LRRK2-PD (all p.G2019S) 401 IPD	Ashkenazi Jewish	Longitudinal	MoCA	No significant differences. A trend toward higher score in MoCA in LRRK2-PD
Tan et al. [33]	18 LRRK2-PD (16 with p.G2019S and 2 with p.R1441C) 2082 IPD	Caucasian	Cross-sectional	MoCA	No significant differences

PD = Parkinson’s disease; IPD = idiopathic Parkinson’s disease; MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; MDRS = Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; USA = United States of America; MDS = Movement Disorders Society; PD-MCI = Parkinson’s disease mild cognitive impairment; PDD = Parkinson’s disease dementia; FAB = frontal assessment battery.