Parkinson’s Disease

Research Article

Abnormal Gray Matter Volume and Functional Connectivity in Parkinson’s Disease with Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of all subjects.


Items	PD-RBD (N = 24)	PD-nRBD (N=26)	HC (N = 26)	value

Age (years)	66.04 ± 5.73	62.96 ± 7.41	62.73 ± 6.33	0.15
Education (years)	11.00 ± 3.19	10.58 ± 2.80	11.62 ± 2.35	0.43
Sex (female/male)	4/20	10/16	12/14	0.07
MoCA	26.33 ± 1.52	26.46 ± 1.61	27.27 ± 1.67	0.08
MoCA-visuospatial skills/executive function	3.17 ± 1.05^a,b	3.77 ± 0.77^b	4.23 ± 0.65	<0.05
MoCA-naming	2.71 ± 0.55	2.85 ± 0.37	2.81 ± 0.40	0.66
MoCA-attention	5.79 ± 0.51	5.81 ± 0.57	5.69 ± 0.62	0.59
MoCA-language	2.83 ± 0.38	2.92 ± 0.27	2.96 ± 0.20	0.28
MoCA-abstraction	1.67 ± 0.57	1.69 ± 0.47	1.88 ± 0.33	0.20
MoCA-delayed memory	2.88 ± 1.36^b	3.42 ± 0.90	3.85 ± 0.78	<0.05
MoCA-orientation	5.83 ± 0.38	5.96 ± 0.20	5.88 ± 0.33	0.33
HAMD	6.29 ± 2.85	6.38 ± 3.22	5.04 ± 1.69	0.13
RBDSQ	7.25 ± 1.48^a,b	2.58 ± 1.39	1.81 ± 1.27	<0.05
Tonic chin EMG density scores	41.23 ± 22.77^a,b	10.77 ± 6.10	9.14 ± 4.13	<0.05
Phasic chin EMG density scores	13.87 ± 5.67^a,b	5.77 ± 3.54	6.54 ± 3.75	<0.05
Disease duration (years)	6.79 ± 3.58	5.69 ± 2.88	NA	0.24
UPDRS-IIIAR scores	29.88 ± 12.39	26.50 ± 10.34	NA	0.30
UPDRS-IIIAR scores	19.63 ± 7.86	18.69 ± 8.03	NA	0.68
H&Y stage	2.50 ± 0.93	2.33 ± 0.86	NA	0.50
LEDD (mg/day)	607.96 ± 251.85	547.75 ± 190.86	NA	0.34

UPDRS-III, Unified PD Rating Scale-III; H&Y stage, Hoehn & Yahr stage; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; RBDSQ, REM sleep behaviors disorder screening questionnaire; AR, akinetic/rigidity; LEDD, Levodopa equivalent daily dose; NA, not applicable. was considered significant. , differs from the PD-nRBD group; ^b, differs from the HC group. One-way analysis of variance analysis was applied in the analysis of age, MoCA, HAMD, RBDSQ, tonic chin EMG density scores, and phasic chin EMG density scores; Kruskal–Wallis test was applied in the analysis of education and MoCA domain scores; Chi-square was applied in the analysis of gender; two-sample t-test for disease duration, UPDRS-III, AR scores, H&Y stage, LEDD.