Staging Parkinson’s Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life
Table 1
Quality of life (PDQ-39SI and EUROHIS-QOL8) and disability (ADLS score) in PD patients with regard to Hoehn and Yahr stage (s = 603).
H&Y 1, N = 138
H&Y 2, N = 407
H&Y 3, N = 49
H&Y 4, N = 9
pa
pb
pc
pd
PDQ-39SI
13.3 ± 12.1
17.1 ± 12.9
30.9 ± 15.3
30.3 ± 15.3
<0.0001
0.037
<0.0001
0.908
Mobility
10.9 ± 14.2
16.1 ± 18
41.6 ± 23.8
37.2 ± 24.3
<0.0001
0.036
<0.0001
0.613
Activities of Daily Living
13.4 ± 14.3
18.3 ± 18.1
33.6 ± 24
29.1 ± 19.1
<0.0001
0.023
<0.0001
0.604
Emotional well-being
18.9 ± 16.9
21.6 ± 20.7
34.3 ± 21.9
32.8 ± 13.2
<0.0001
0.372
<0.0001
0.846
Stigma
12.3 ± 17
13.2 ± 19.7
16.1 ± 22.1
22.9 ± 32.7
0.316
0.839
0.341
0.432
Social support
6.8 ± 14.3
8.6 ± 16.9
9.7 ± 19.7
12.9 ± 22.1
0.497
0.492
0.686
0.656
Cognition
14.9 ± 16.4
20.1 ± 18.1
27.2 ± 18.9
31.2 ± 17.9
<0.0001
0.015
0.011
0.553
Communication
8.8 ± 13.8
9.5 ± 14.2
17.3 ± 19.7
19.4 ± 17.6
0.001
0.522
0.001
0.766
Pain and discomfort
21.1 ± 19.9
26.9 ± 22.9
42.5 ± 22.5
40.7 ± 28.9
<0.0001
0.065
<0.0001
0.835
PQ-10
7.5 ± 1.5
7.2 ± 6.2
6.2 ± 2.1
6.9 ± 1.4
<0.0001
0.234
<0.0001
0.375
EUROHIS-QOL8
3.9 ± 0.5
3.8 ± 0.5
3.3 ± 0.6
3.7 ± 0.5
<0.0001
0.117
<0.0001
0.135
Quality of life
3.9 ± 0.7
3.8 ± 0.7
3.2 ± 0.8
3.8 ± 0.4
<0.0001
0.207
<0.0001
0.063
Health status
3.4 ± 0.8
3.1 ± 0.9
2.5 ± 0.9
2.9 ± 0.8
<0.0001
0.012
<0.0001
0.296
Energy
3.9 ± 0.8
3.7 ± 0.8
3.2 ± 0.8
3.7 ± 1.1
<0.0001
0.195
<0.0001
0.156
Autonomy for ADL
3.8 ± 0.7
3.6 ± 0.8
2.8 ± 0.8
3.1 ± 0.8
<0.0001
0.023
<0.0001
0.289
Self-esteem
3.9 ± 0.7
3.8 ± 0.8
3.4 ± 0.9
3.4 ± 0.7
0.001
0.437
0.001
0.863
Social relationships
4 ± 0.7
4.1 ± 0.7
3.7 ± 0.8
4 ± 0.9
0.021
0.890
0.004
0.388
Economic capacity
3.9 ± 0.7
3.7 ± 0.8
3.7 ± 1
3.9 ± 0.7
0.414
0.819
0.160
0.546
Habitat
4.3 ± 0.7
4.2 ± 0.7
4.1 ± 0.8
4.4 ± 0.5
0.287
0.832
0.112
0.161
ADLS score
93.5 ± 6.9
87.8 ± 9.4
77.1 ± 13.1
72.5 ± 23.8
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.416
Functional dependency (%)
0.7
8.8
42.9
37.5
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.546
Chi-squared, Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon, and ANOVA test were applied. The results represent percentages or mean±SD; pa, all groups; pb, H&Y 2 vs H&Y 1; pc, H&Y 3 vs H&Y 2; pd, H&Y 4 vs H&Y 3. ADL, Activities of Daily Living; ADLS, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale; EUROHIS-QOL8, EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr; PDQ-39SI, 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index.
