Staging Parkinson’s Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life

Table 2

Quality of life (PDQ-39SI and EUROHIS-QOL8) and disability (ADLS score) in PD patients with regard to nonmotor symptoms burden: mild (NMS 1-20); moderate (NMS total score 21-40); severe (NMS total score 41-70); very severe (NMS total score > 70).

	Mild, N = 162	Moderate, N = 174	Severe, N = 140	Very severe, N = 127	p^a	p^b	p^c	p^d
PDQ-39SI	7.7 ± 5.7	13.8 ± 9.7	19.9 ± 10.7	32.9 ± 14.4	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Mobility	6.2 ± 11.5	12.7 ± 15.6	19.7 ± 15.9	35.3 ± 22.9	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.029	<0.0001
Activities of Daily Living	9.5 ± 11.1	15.8 ± 15.4	19.8 ± 16.7	32.4 ± 23.3	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Emotional well-being	9.9 ± 10.8	15.6 ± 13.9	26.6 ± 18.7	41.6 ± 22.6	<0.0001	0.001	0.149	<0.0001
Stigma	7.6 ± 14.1	13.7 ± 18.9	10.8 ±16.2	22.9 ± 25.5	<0.0001	0.025	0.001	<0.0001
Social support	2.2 ± 8.9	4.9 ± 12.8	10.6 ± 17.5	18.6 ± 21.9	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.001
Cognition	7.2 ± 9.6	16.2 ± 13.9	24.6 ± 16.2	34.9 ± 20.1	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.036	<0.0001
Communication	3.5 ± 7.3	8.3 ± 12.4	11.6 ± 14.7	19.3 ± 19.7	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Pain and discomfort	14.7 ± 15.6	20.7 ± 18.9	30.7 ± 19.6	47.4 ± 24.8	<0.0001	0.002	<0.0001	<0.0001
PQ-10	7.9 ± 1.2	7.5 ± 1.4	6.9 ± 1.4	6.1 ± 1.7	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.003	<0.0001
EUROHIS-QOL8	4.1 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.4	3.6 ± 0.5	3.3 ± 0.6	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Quality of life	4.1 ± 0.5	3.9 ± 0.6	3.7 ± 0.7	3.3 ± 0.8	<0.0001	0.005	0.001	<0.0001
Health status	3.5 ± 0.8	3.3 ± 0.8	3 ± 0.8	2.6 ± 0.9	<0.0001	0.001	0.006	<0.0001
Energy	4.2 ± 0.7	3.8 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.8	3.2 ± 0.9	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.004	<0.0001
Autonomy for ADL	4 ± 0.7	3.8 ± 0.8	3.4 ± 0.8	3 ± 0.9	<0.0001	0.001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Self-esteem	4.2 ± 0.6	3.9 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.7	3.3 ± 0.9	<0.0001	0.010	<0.0001	0.001
Social relationships	4.4 ± 0.6	4.1 ± 0.6	3.9 ± 0.7	3.6 ± 0.8	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.059	<0.0001
Economic capacity	4.1 ± 0.8	3.9 ± 0.7	3.8 ± 0.7	3.5 ± 0.9	<0.0001	0.079	0.180	0.001
Habitat	4.4 ± 0.7	4.3 ± 0.6	4.2 ± 0.7	3.9 ± 0.7	<0.0001	0.105	0.123	0.011
ADLS score	92.9 ± 6.1	90.2 ± 8.3	86.5 ± 10.4	80.5 ± 12.9	<0.0001	0.001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Functional dependency (%)	0.6	4.6	11.5	28.3	<0.0001	0.024	0.019	<0.0001