Staging Parkinson’s Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life
Table 3
Quality of life (PDQ-39SI and EUROHIS-QOL8) and disability (ADLS score) in patients with stages 1C, 1D, 2A, or 2B of the HY-NMSB scale.
1C, N = 27
1D, N = 15
2A, N = 101
2B, N = 125
pa
pb
pc
pd
PDQ-39SI
19.8 ± 11.9
28.6 ± 17.1
7.9 ± 5.8
13.8 ± 9.8
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.003
Mobility
18.1 ± 14.9
27.8 ± 17.7
6.1 ± 10.5
13 ± 16.2
<0.0001
0.001
<0.0001
0.035
Activities of Daily Living
16.5 ± 15.2
28.3 ± 18.3
10.9 ± 12.4
15.9 ± 16.1
<0.0001
0.007
0.056
0.710
Emotional well-being
28.7 ± 16.4
35.5 ± 21.3
8.9 ± 9.4
14.9 ± 13.7
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
<0.0001
Stigma
16.4 ± 20.4
23.8 ± 23.9
8.4 ± 15.7
13.9 ± 19.9
0.013
0.140
0.030
0.448
Social support
13.6 ± 17.8
19.4 ± 22.6
2.4 ± 9.9
5.3 ± 13.8
<0.0001
0.003
<0.0001
0.005
Cognition
21.9 ± 17.4
32.5 ± 18.8
8.3 ± 9.6
15.9 ± 13.7
<0.0001
0.001
<0.0001
0.099
Communication
14.2 ± 15.9
20.6 ± 19.6
4.1 ± 8.4
7.9 ± 12.1
<0.0001
0.007
<0.0001
0.026
Pain and discomfort
27.8 ± 20.1
38.3 ± 27.4
13.5 ± 13.5
21.2 ± 20.3
<0.0001
0.010
<0.0001
0.053
PQ-10
6.9 ± 1.6
6.4 ± 1.5
7.9 ± 1.2
7.5 ± 1.5
<0.0001
0.008
0.008
0.201
EUROHIS-QOL8
3.6 ± 0.5
3.5 ± 0.4
4.1 ± 0.4
3.9 ± 0.5
<0.0001
0.004
<0.0001
0.030
Quality of life
3.6 ± 0.6
3.2 ± 0.6
4.1 ± 0.6
3.9 ± 0.6
<0.0001
<0.0001
0.001
0.048
Health status
3.2 ± 0.9
3.2 ± 0.6
3.6 ± 0.7
3.3 ± 0.8
0.014
0.726
0.051
0.888
Energy
3.4 ± 0.7
3.4 ± 0.6
4.1 ± 0.6
3.8 ± 0.7
<0.0001
0.025
<0.0001
0.009
Autonomy for ADL
3.5 ± 0.7
3.5 ± 0.5
4.1 ± 0.6
3.7 ± 0.7
<0.0001
0.065
<0.0001
0.089
Self-esteem
3.6 ± 0.8
3.5 ± 0.6
4.2 ± 0.6
3.9 ± 0.7
<0.0001
0.015
<0.0001
0.016
Social relationships
3.9 ± 0.6
3.8 ± 0.6
4.4 ± 0.6
4.2 ± 0.6
0.001
0.023
<0.0001
0.022
Economic capacity
3.7 ± 0.7
3.4 ± 0.7
3.9 ± 0.8
3.9 ± 0.6
0.010
0.025
0.014
0.054
Habitat
3.9 ± 0.8
3.9 ± 0.7
4.4 ± 0.6
4.3 ± 0.6
0.005
0.001
0.160
0.114
ADLS score
92.6 ± 7.1
88 ± 6.8
91.8 ± 5.9
89.5 ± 8
0.025
0.246
0.461
0.061
FD (%)
0
0
1
4
0.871
0.562
0.789
0.371
Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test were applied. The results represent percentages or mean ± SD; pa, 1D vs 2A; pb, 1D vs 2B; pc, 1C vs 2A; pd, 1C vs 2B. ADLS, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale; EUROHIS-QOL8, EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index; PDQ-39SI, 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index.
