Staging Parkinson’s Disease Combining Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms Correlates with Disability and Quality of Life
Table 4
Quality of life (PDQ-39SI and EUROHIS-QOL8) and disability (ADLS score) in patients with stages 2C, 2D, 3A, or 3B of the HY-NMSB scale.
2C, N = 93
2D, N = 91
3A, N = 6
3B, N = 9
pa
pb
pc
pd
PDQ-39SI
18.5 ± 10.2
31.8 ± 13.8
14.2 ± 10.9
21.5 ± 7.9
0.003
0.029
0.173
0.238
Mobility
17.2 ± 14.9
32 ± 2.1
27.1 ± 31.2
27.5 ± 16.3
0.372
0.722
0.713
0.048
Activities of Daily Living
18.4 ± 16.4
31.1 ± 23.3
6.9 ± 7.7
25.9 ± 11.7
0.005
0.722
0.081
0.084
Emotional well-being
25.6 ± 20.1
41.7 ± 23.1
15.9 ± 20.8
24.5 ± 19.5
0.014
0.036
0.203
0.953
Stigma
9.3 ± 15.1
22.4 ± 24.4
7.3 ± 15
6.9 ± 14.1
0.109
0.073
0.636
0.749
Social support
9.9 ± 16.7
19.1 ± 21.9
0 ± 0
2.8 ± 4.2
0.015
0.048
0.081
0.526
Cognition
24.4 ± 15.9
35.7 ± 21.2
1 ± 2.6
24.3 ± 13.4
<0.0001
0.109
<0.0001
0.948
Communication
9.5 ± 13.6
18.4 ± 18.7
2.8 ± 6.8
13.9 ± 13.8
0.025
0.633
0.183
0.226
Pain and discomfort
30.9 ± 19.6
46.1 ± 24.6
34.7 ± 22.6
28.7 ± 19.6
0.209
0.031
0.830
0.673
PQ-10
7 ± 1.4
6.2 ± 1.6
8.5 ± 1.5
7.2 ± 1.3
0.003
0.069
0.025
0.620
EUROHIS-QOL8
3.7 ± 0.4
3.3 ± 0.6
3.8 ± 0.6
3.6 ± 0.4
0.048
0.169
0.590
0.377
Quality of life
3.7 ± 0.7
3.4 ± 0.7
4 ± 0.9
3.6 ± 0.5
0.108
0.563
0.462
0.328
Health status
3 ± 0.7
2.6 ± 0.9
3.2 ± 0.7
2.7 ± 0.5
0.134
0.774
0.598
0.139
Energy
3.7 ± 0.7
3.2 ± 0.9
3.8 ± 0.4
3.6 ± 0.5
0.078
0.293
0.553
0.544
Autonomy for ADL
3.4 ± 0.7
3 ± 0.9
3 ± 0.6
3.2 ± 0.7
0.819
0.625
0.124
0.340
Self-esteem
3.6 ± 0.7
3.2 ± 0.9
4 ± 0.9
3.8 ± 0.7
0.083
0.112
0.335
0.696
Social relationships
4 ± 0.7
3.6 ± 0.8
4 ± 0.7
3.9 ± 0.6
0.115
0.322
0.649
0.520
Economic capacity
3.9 ± 0.7
3.5 ± 0.9
4.2 ± 0.7
3.8 ± 1.1
0.064
0.231
0.311
0.855
Habitat
4.3 ± 0.6
3.9 ± 0.7
4.2 ± 0.7
4.1 ± 0.9
0.369
0.255
0.713
0.751
ADLS score
86.5 ± 9.3
81.8 ± 11.5
90 ± 8.9
83.3 ± 10
0.091
0.769
0.421
0.278
FD (%)
9.7
25.3
0
22.2
0.187
0.601
0.556
0.250
Chi-squared and Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test were applied. The results represent percentages or mean ± SD; pa, 2D vs 3A; pb, 2D vs 3B; pc, 2C vs 3A; pd, 2C vs 3B. ADLS, Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale; EUROHIS-QOL8, EUROHIS-QOL 8-item index; PDQ-39SI, 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire Summary Index.
