Validation of the Japanese Version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS)

Table 1

Demographics and sample characteristics of patients with Parkinson’s disease.

	Total, n = 159	ICBp, n = 26	ICBn, n = 133	value
Age, years	69.0 ± 9.2	66.5 ± 11.5	69.5 ± 8.7	0.13^a
Gender, f/m	92/67	15/11	77/56	1.00^b
Age of onset, years	61.9 ± 10.2	56.3 ± 11.4	63.0 ± 9.7	0.002^a
Duration, years	7.1 ± 5.5	10.3 ± 6.7	6.4 ± 5.1	0.001^a
Smoking habit, n (%)	29 (18.2)	7 (26.9)	22 (16.5)	0.26^b
Education, years	12.4 ± 2.3	12.5 ± 2.1	12.4 ± 2.4	0.87^a
UPDRS motor score	15.0 ± 10.1	15.8 ± 10.4	14.8 ± 10.1	0.65^a
DBS, n (%)	6 (3.8)	2 (7.7)	4 (3.0)	0.25^b
Levodopa, mg	366.9 ± 250.0	571.2 ± 342.6	326.9 ± 206.8	<0.0001^a
Dopamine agonist, mg/LEDD	142.5 ± 134.8	139.1 ± 117.9	143.2 ± 138.3	0.89^a
BIS-11^∗	59.6 ± 10.4	62.6 ± 10.2	59.1 ± 10.4	0.18^a
Apathy scale^†	15.2 ± 6.9	14.4 ± 7.7	15.4 ± 6.8	0.52^a
QUIP-RS	7.2 ± 10.3	20.7 ± 14.8	4.6 ± 6.6	<0.0001^a

Continuous variables are presented as the means ± standard deviations. ^∗n = total of 127, ICBp of 19, and ICBn of 108. ^†n = total of 156, ICBp of 24, ICBn of 131. ^at-test, ^bFisher’s exact test. ICB, impulsive-compulsive behavior; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale; DBS, deep brain stimulation; LEDD, levodopa equivalent daily dose; BIS-11, Barratt impulsiveness scale; QUIP-RS, Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease-Rating Scale; ICBn, negative ICBs group; ICBp, positive ICBs group.