Prospective Five-Year Follow-Up of Patients with Schizophrenia Suspected with Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Clinical findings of the enrolled patients.

Case (sex)	1 (female)	2 (female)	3 (female)	4 (female)	5 (male)	6 (male)
Age at schizophrenia diagnosis
	22	56	35	30	21	33
D2 antagonist (mg)
Risperidone	4	—	4	—	—	9
Levomepromazine	5	—	5	—	—	9
Chlorpromazine	80	—	—	—	—
Mood stabilizers (mg)
Valproic acid	—	500	600	—	—	1500
Other antipsychotics (mg)
Quetiapine	—	125	—	—	50	600
Age at parkinsonism onset
37	68	68	65	46	76
Time to diagnosis of PD from parkinsonism onset (years)
5	4	4	10	1	2
Age at enrolment
44	74	74	75	53	80
Parkinsonism dominant side
bilateral	Left	Bilateral	Bilateral	Left	Right
Follow-up (years)
5	5	5	5	5	2
Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage
At PD diagnosis	5	4	3	3	2	3
Baseline	2.5	3	3	3	2	2
Levodopa (mg)
Baseline	300	200	300	600	150	0
End of study	500	400	400	600	300	0
Dopamine agonist (mg)
Baseline	ROP-CR (12)	—	—	PRX-ER(1.13)	—	RTP (2.25)
End of study	ROP-CR (12)	—	—	PRX-ER(1.13)	—	RTP (2.25)
Anticholinergic (mg)
Baseline	4	—	6	—	4	—
End of study	4	—	6	—	4	—
Other anti-parkinsonian drugs (mg)
Baseline	—	ZNS (50)	Amantadine (100)	—	ZNS (50)	—
End of study	Entacapone (500)	ZNS (50)	Amantadine (100)	—	ZNS (50)	—
MDS-UPDRS total
Baseline	70	48	26	82	33	91
End of study	60	69	61	110	47
MDS-UPDRS I
Baseline	12	2	8	22	3	31
End of study	8	15	14	14	5	38
MDS-UPDRS II
Baseline	9	11	5	25	4	30
End of study	10	15	11	37	5
MDS-UPDRS III
Baseline	49	35	13	35	26	24
End of study	39	46	36	59	37
SBR of DAT scan (baseline)
Right	5.4	1.82	5.76	2.21	1.87	5.21
Left	6.19	1.83	6.04	2.73	1.86	4.43
AI %	13.7	0.3	4.7	21.1	0.6	16.2
SBR of DAT scan (end of study)
Right	2.44	1.31	4.87	NA	NA	4.04
Left	2.94	0.7	5.37	NA	NA	4.23
AI %	18.6	60.5	9.8	NA	NA	4.5
PDQ-39-Japan total
Baseline	55	16	82	92	29	76
End of study	40	62	40	79	NA	NA
Moca-J
Baseline	26	19	21	10	19	NA
End of study	28	13	22	NA	NA	NA
MMSE
Baseline	28	23	26	16	20	20
End of study	30	20	23	NA	NA	NA
FAB
Baseline	15	12	9	7	8	NA
End of study	17	3	15	NA	NA	NA
RBDQ-JP
Baseline	3	1	4	7	1	6
End of study	1	1	3	6	NA	NA
WAIS verbal IQ
Baseline	84	114	94	NA	NA	NA
End of study	100	85	98	NA	NA	NA
WAIS performance IQ
Baseline	69	65	87	NA	NA	NA
End of the study	101	53	90	NA	NA	NA
WAIS total IQ
Baseline	74	91	93	NA	NA	NA
End of study	100	67	94	NA	NA	NA
Neuropsychiatric Inventory severity
Baseline	7	4	14	NA	NA	NA
End of study	6	0	12	NA	NA	NA
Neuropsychiatric Inventory distress
Baseline	4	2	10	NA	NA	NA
End of study	4	0	7	NA	NA	NA
Noise pareidolia test (pareidolia)
Baseline	1	4	1	NA	NA	0
End of study	0	19	1	NA	NA	0

PD: Parkinson’s disease, MDS-UPDRS: Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, SBR: specific binding ratio, DAT: dopamine transporter, PDQ-39-J: Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 Japan, Moca-J: Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Japan, MMSE: Mini Mental Scale Examination, FAB: Frontal Assessment Battery, RBDQ-JP: Japanese version of the REM sleep behaviour disorder questionnaire, WAIS: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. AI: asymmetry index, PRX-ER: pramipexole extended release, ROP-CR: ropinirole-controlled release, RTP: rotigotine transdermal patch, ZNS: zonisamide, and NA: not applicable.