Apathy following Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation of Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis

Table 2

Studies characteristics.

Study

N

Age (y)

M/F

Disease duration

DBS site

Scale

Follow-up

Preoperative score

Postoperative score

value

Preoperative LEDD

Postoperative LEDD

value

Castelli et al. [10]

19

62.1 ± 4.2

8/11

14.7 ± 5.0

STN-DBS

SAS

4 months

11.6 ± 4.1

12.6 ± 5.3

>0.05^d

1192.5 ± 415.7

571.6 ± 274.8

NA

Chou et al. [15]

17

62.1 ± 6.5

13/4

9.1 ± 5.8

STN-DBS

AES (10)

6 months

13.2 ± 8.6

13.6 ± 7.4

0.96^b

1164.9 ± 752.9

567.9 ± 512.4

0.001^b

Dafsari et al. [25]

39

62.8 ± 9.1

25/14

9.6 ± 5.3

STN-DBS

AES

5 months

28.9 ± 7.1

29.6 ± 6.7

0.22^NA

973.2 ± 484.8

456.1 ± 303.5

<0.001^NA

Drapier et al. [9]

15

59.7 ± 7.6

10/5

12.2 ± 2.8

STN-DBS

AES

6 months

38.4 ± 7.1

46 ± 10.9

<0.01^a

1448 ± 400

1127 ± 482

>0.05^a

Drapier et al. [11]

17

56.9 ± 8.7

11/6

11.8 ± 2.6

STN-DBS

AES

3 months

37.2 ± 5.5

42.5 ± 8.9

0.006^a

NA

NA

>0.05^a

Georgiev et al. [26]

28

64.4 ± 6.8

17/11

8.5 ± 4.3

STN-DBS

SAS

12 months

7.6 ± 0.7

10.2 ± 0.8

<0.05^d

1327.8 ± 117.0

548.0 ± 29.9

<0.05^d

Houvenaghel et al. [17]

26

56.6 ± 7.4

13/13

11.5 ± 4.5

STN-DBS

AES

3 months

31.8 ± 7.0

31.2 ± 7.7

>0.05^e

1271.2 ± 555.6

758.0 ± 407.8

NA

Le Jeune et al. [27]

12

57.4 ± 8.0

8/4

11.2 ± 2.4

STN-DBS

AES

3 months

30.91 ± 4.07

39.16 ± 6.05

0.002^a

1200 ± 426.5

796.66 ± 620

0.02^a

Lewis et al. [13]

28

61.1 ± 8.9

17/11

12.4 ± 6.7

STN-DBS

AES

12 months

33.85 ± 9.71

37.00 ± 8.91

0.023^NA

832 ± 426

359.2 ± 264.5

<0.001^NA

Lhommée et al. [12]

63

57.8 ± 7.2

40/23

10.5 ± 3.1

STN-DBS

SAS

12 months

6.2 ± 3.5

9.4 ± 4.5

<0.001^a

1026 ± 459

284 ± 312

<0.001^a

Lozachmeur et al. [28]

20

60.1 ± 9.1

10/10

13.3 ± 5.4

GPi-DBS

AES

3 months

37.2 ± 6.2

36.9 ± 7.5

0.36^C

1348.7 ± 510.2

1368.3 ± 428.2

0.94^C

Robert et al. [16]

44

56.3 ± 7.5

24/20

11.4 ± 4.1

STN-DBS

AES

3 months

31.4 ± 6.4

31.6 ± 7.1

NA

1280.8 ± 632.4

889.9 ± 209.3

NA

Sauleau et al. [29]

19

61 ± 8

9/10

NA

GPi-DBS

AES

4 months

37 ± 6

38 ± 8

>0.05^NA

1415 ± 587

1372 ± 434

>0.05^NA

DBS programming was all bilateral. NA means not available and NS means not significant. The calculation method of p value was as follows: a means paired-sample Wilcoxon test, b means Wilcoxon signed-rank test, c means Friedman test, d means paired-sample t-test, e means Mann-Whitney U test.