Research Article

Central Aortic Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Parkinson’s Disease: A Comparative Study

Table 4

Parkinson’s disease subtypes, nonmotor symptom, and their baseline hemodynamic and LD effects.

Disease SubtypeTremor dominant type (n:38)Akinetic rigid type (n:44)p-value
Before LDAfter LDBefore LDAfter LDp1p2p3

SBP (mm·Hg)147.28 (±25.24)141.89 (±15.04)155.40 (±25.74)150.12 (±159.65)0.020.030.03
DBP (mm·Hg)86.34 (±18.96)77.45 (±13.87)88.25 (±18.69)81.23 (±16.79)NS0,020.02
PP (mm·Hg)61.15 (±12.62)55.12 (±10.65)67.15 (±20.01)62.56 (±18.12)0.050.020.03
HR (minute)77.05 (±14.46)75.13 (±12.78)77.15 (±11.12)78.23 (±12.09)NSNSNS
AI (%)−7.43 (±30.72)−9.45 (±31.67)−19.35 (±26.01)−20.55 (±267.34)≤0.0010,02NS
CAP (mm·Hg)148.37 (±32.47)132.76 (±34.89)148.60 (±31.06)134.54 (±29.83)NS≤0.001≤0.001

NMSIncontinence (−) (n: 61)Incontinence (+) (n: 21)p-value
SBP (mm·Hg)146.83 (±24.71)138.67 (±22.45)165.61 (±43.41)154.23 (±45.21)0.010.020,03
DBP (mm·Hg)85.95 (±17.27)80.05 (±15.32)91.47 (±22.40)83.38 (±23.69)NS0.020,03
PP (mm·Hg)61.01 (±12.96)56.31 (±11.67)74.14 (±23.55)69.18 (±24–78)≤0.0010.030,02
HR (minute)75.77 (±12.41)76.02 (±13.45)81.00 (±13.03)80.23 (±14.69)NSNSNS
AI (%)−18.07 (±25.98)−23.49 (±24.89)−1.50 (±33.27)−3.21 (±31.45)0.02≤0.001≤0.001
CAP (mm·Hg)145.11 (±31.16)134.24 (±33.17)158.33± (31.22)135.67± (28.21)0.01≤0.001≤0.001

NMSConstipation (−) (n: 37)Constipation (+) (n: 45)p-value
SBP (mm·Hg)141.09 (±20.74)134.41 (±21.34)158.05 (±35.04)142.12 (±31.35)0.010,02≤0.001
DBP (mm·Hg)80.67 (±13.17)74.47 (±11.26)91.43 (±20.48)86.23 (±18.29)0.010,030,03
PP (mm·Hg)60.67 (±13.30)55.47 (±12.13)66.62 (±18.90)59.45 (±16.87)NS0,030,02
HR (minute)75.03 (±10.76)77.32 (±11.49)78.37 (±13.69)78.34 (±14.16)NSNSNS
AI (%)−19.71 (±27.13)−24.36 (±29.21)−10.25 (±29.36)−15.12 (±28.86)≤0.0010,02≤0.001
CAP (mm·Hg)141.34 (±31.36)129.37 (±33.45)152.84 (±31.12)134.67 (±29.82)0.03≤0.0010,01

NMSOrthostatic hypotension (−) (n: 51)Orthostatic hypotension (+) (n: 31)p-value
SBP (mm·Hg)151.94 (±30.87)141.54 (±29.89)151.16 (±32.74)142.71 (±29.86)NS0,010,01
DBP (mm·Hg)86.01 (±18.42)81.45 (±17.32)89.58 (±19.32)82.36 (±17.45)NS0,040,02
PP (mm·Hg)65.92 (±16.51)59.38 (±15.76)61.83 (±18.16)55.28 (±16.15)NS0,030,01
HR (minute)77.70 (±10.82)78.32 (±11.49)76.12 (±15.45)77.56 (±16.78)NSNSNS
AI (%)−19.48 (±28.18)−26.67 (±30.12)−4.53 (±27.63)−7.36 (±23.45)0.020,02≤0.001
CAP (mm·Hg)147.35 (±30.57)130.15 (±30.78)150.38 (±33.46)131.27 (±34.27)NS≤0.001≤0.001

NMSPsychosis (−) (n:70)Psychosis (+) (n:12)p-value
SBP (mm·Hg)154.67 (±31.77)134.63 (±19.81)131.11 (±11.55)129.34 (±12.47)≤0.0010,01NS
DBP (mm·Hg)89.19 (±18.87)79.81 (±14.34)72.55 (±8.21)73.23 (±9.15)0.010,03NS
PP (mm·Hg)65.58 (±17.62)57.61 (±12.45)54.55 (±19.37)53.97 (±18.36)0.020,04NS
HR (minute)76.23 (±12.41)77.39 (±11.25)84.22 (±13.46)85.21 (±14.19)NSNSNS
AI (%)−12.42 (±29.34)−23.49 (±10.12)−25.25 (±21.29)−24.18 (±22.83)0.010,01NS
CAP (mm·Hg)151.01 (±31.69)132.41 (±31.78)128.05 (±22.24)121.79 (±22.34)≤0.0010,020,02

NMSDementia (−) (n:71)Dementia (+) (n:11)p-value
SBP (mm·Hg)148.02 (±24.25)132.78 (±25.67)155.00 (±56.34)146.34 (±52.78)0.02≤0.0010,02
DBP (mm·Hg)86.28 (±16.45)80.23 (±15.12)94.36 (±29.70)87.23 (±26.64)0.040,030,01
PP (mm·Hg)61.85 (±13.01)56.32 (±11.56)80.63 (±29.39)78.24 (±28.45)≤0.0010,04NS
HR (minute)76.52 (±12.91)77.64 (±13.91)80.90 (±10.94)85.98 (±11.63)NSNS0,05
AI (%)−14.66 (±27.68)−18.71 (±26.32)−11.46 (±35.94)−12.71 (±34.67)NS0,03NS
CAP (mm·Hg)147.72 (±30.37)136.89 (±28.53)153.49 (±39.48)141.45 (±36.81)NS0,020,02

AI : augmentation index; CAP : central aortic pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HR : heart rate; NMS : nonmotor symptom; NS: nonsignificant; PP :  pulse pressure; p1: TDP vs ARP before LD intake; NMS (−) vs NMS (+) before LD; p2: LD before vs LD after in TDP; LD before vs LD after NMS (−); p3: LD before vs LD after in ARP; LD before vs LD after of the NMS (+); SBP :  systolic blood pressure; (+): present; (−): absent. Bold numbers indicate significance.