Orthostatic Hypotension Is a Predictor of Fatigue in Drug-Naïve Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Baseline and follow-up demographics and clinical characteristics of fatigue and nonfatigue groups.

	Baseline^a			Follow-up^b
	Fatigue (n = 14)	Nonfatigue (n = 66)	value	Fatigue (n = 17)	Nonfatigue (n = 63)	value
Age (years)	66.6 ± 11.5	63.8 ± 8.4	0.301^c	68.1 ± 12.7	67.9 ± 7.7	0.955^c
Sex (M/F)	8/6	37/29	0.941^e	7/10	38/25	0.158^e
Disease duration (m)	20.4 ± 11.3	19.9 ± 11.9	0.875^c	—	—	—
Follow-up duration (m)	—	—	—	27.2 ± 9.1	22.3 ± 9.9	0.070^c
UPDRS III	19.7 ± 8.1	17.2 ± 8	0.344^c	12.7 ± 6.1	14.7 ± 7.3	0.195^c
H&Y stage	1.8 ± 0.5	1.6 ± 0.5	0.210^c	1.7 ± 0.5	1.7 ± 0.5	0.785^c
MoCA	25.4 ± 3.3	25.4 ± 3.1	0.977^c	26.33 ± 2.5	26.3 ± 3.3	0.981^c
PFS	3.6 ± 0.1	1.8 ± 0.7	<0.001^c	3.8 ± 0.5	1.7 ± 0.7	<0.001^c
OH n (%)	8 (57.1%)	17 (25.8%)	0.021^e	—	—	—
SCOPA-AUT	19.3 ± 6.9	10.2 ± 5.5	<0.001^c	19.8 ± 7.3	13 ± 8.5	0.003^c
Gastrointestinal	4.3 ± 3.2	2.4 ± 2.4	0.036^d	5.6 ± 3.1	3.2 ± 3.5	0.002^d
Urinary	5.4 ± 3.9	3.4 ± 2.3	0.075^d	4.8 ± 4.3	4.6 ± 4	0.934^c
Cardiovascular	1.9 ± 3.0	0.4 ± 0.7	<0.001^d	2.3 ± 2.2	0.5 ± 0.8	<0.001^d
Thermoregulatory	2.1 ± 2.2	0.6 ± 1.0	0.002^d	1.7 ± 2.2	0.7 ± 1.4	0.067^d
Pupillomotor	0.4 ± 0.5	0.2 ± 0.4	0.211^d	0.4 ± 0.7	0.2 ± 0.4	0.434^d
Sexual	5.2 ± 3.4	3.3 ± 3.4	0.088^d	5.6 ± 3.5	4.1 ± 3.4	0.257^d
BDI	17.7 ± 10.3	7.1 ± 6.1	0.001^c	14.6 ± 8.4	5.8 ± 5.9	<0.001^c
BAI	11.5 ± 9.3	5.4 ± 4.7	0.023^c	8.8 ± 7.1	5.0 ± 5.5	0.043^d
PDSS	112.0 ± 19.9	126.3 ± 21.4	0.025^c	109.2 ± 26.3	125.1 ± 23.8	0.019^c
LEDD (mg)				363.3 ± 150	323.2 ± 179.3	0.401^c
Levodopa (mg)	—	—	—	260.3 ± 134.9	158.7 ± 160.8	0.020^c
Dopamine agonists (mg)	—	—	—	69.3 ± 52.4	88.7 ± 81.4	0.354^c
COMT inhibitor				2 (11.8%)	3 (4.8%)	0.290^f
MAO-B inhibitor	—	—	—	3 (17.6%)	32 (50.8%)	0.014^e
Anticholinergics	—	—	—	1 (5.9%)	9 (14.2%)	0.353^e
Antidepressants and/or anxiolytics	—	—	—	4 (23.5%)	7 (11.1%)	0.187^e

UPDRS: united Parkinson’s disease rating scale; H&Y: Hoehn & Yahr; TD: tremor dominant; AR: akinetic-rigid; MoCA: Montreal cognitive assessment; PFS: Parkinson fatigue scale; BDI: beck depression inventory; BAI: beck anxiety inventory; SCOPA-AUT: scale for outcomes of Parkinson’s disease-autonomic; PDSS: Parkinson’s disease sleep scale; LEDD: levodopa equivalent daily dose; COMT: catechol-O-methyltransferase; MAO-B: monoamine oxidase-B. ^aassessments were performed before taking antiparkinsonian medications. ^bassessments were performed during an on-state for PD medications. ^cStudent’s t-test was used for statistical comparisons. ^dthe Mann–Whitney U test was used for statistical comparisons. ^ethe chi-square test was used for statistical comparisons. ^fFisher’s exact test was used for statistical comparisons. Expressed as the number of patients (%), mean ± SD.