To estimate the prevalence, mortality, and case-fatality of COVID-19 and to explore the presence of risk factors for COVID-19 in PD patients; also, to investigate the effects of lockdown on motor and nonmotor symptoms
Case control
Both of them
Mean = 8.93 yrs
N = 740 PD without COVID-19 = 733, AgeM = 75.05 yrs PD with COVID = 7 (4 M, 3 F), and AgeM = 75.51 yrs
(i) Interview (ii) DASS-21
During lockdown: 10th April to 4th May 2020
(i) Higher mortality (0.13%) than Italy and in Tuscany but in line with national data. (ii) Higher case-fatality (14%) than regional data but in line with national data. (iii) Higher prevalence of COVID-19 (0.9%) in PD than the national and regional. (iv) Higher hypertension () and diabetes ()
(i) Worsened in parkinsonian symptoms (29.6%). (ii) Worsened in Mmod (24.7%). (iii) Worsened in anxiety (25.0%). (iv) Worsened in insomnia (22.2%)
A higher prevalence of COVID-19 was marked in the PD population, but it was not clear whether PD alone was a risk factor for COVID-19. Hypertension and diabetes were determined as risk factors for COVID-19 in PD. PD patients did not experience worsening mental symptoms
(i) the small number of COVID-19 patients (ii) Longer follow up is need
First: to comprehend the symptoms and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people with and without PD Second: to specify the effects of COVID-19 on motor and nonmotor symptoms Third: to comprehend the consequences of the COVID-19 and associated public health measures on people with and without PD, even if not directly infected with SARS-CoV-2
Cross-sectional
Both of them
Mean = 5.11 yrs
N = 6881 COVID-19 + PD = 51(24 M, 27 F), AgeM = 65 yrs COVID-19 + NoPD = 26(2 M, 24 F), AgeM = 57 yrs NoCOVID-19 + PD = 5378(2780, 2598F), AgeM = 68 yrs NoCOVID-19 + NOPD = 1426(311 M, 1115F), and AgeM = 61 yrs
(i) Survey by online study FI: NMSQ
During pandemic: 23th April to 23th May 2020
(i) Worsening of existing hyposmia was reported of people with PD and none of those without PD; (ii) new motor symptoms were reported and reported worsening of at least one existing motor symptom; (iii) new and worsening nonmotor symptoms were reported for all domains: mood, cognition (41% worsening), sleep (12% new, 59% worsening), and autonomic (7.8% new, 29% worsening); (iv) people with PD and COVID-19 experienced new or worsening motor and nonmotor symptoms
(i) Behavioral and environmental risk factors for COVID-19 were more common in people without PD than with PD. Reported disrupted medical care, exercise, and social activities and worsened motor and nonmotor symptoms
For people with PD without COVID-19, disturbances in medical care, essential daily activities, exercise, and social activities were frequently seen, causing motor and nonmotor symptoms
(i) Response rate was moderate, (ii) survey completion was naturally limited to people who were healthy enough to log-in online and fill out a survey, and (iii) certain populations were underrepresented, and the fact that we did see significantly greater disruption from the pandemic in some of these groups
