Parkinson’s Disease

Review Article

Vulnerability of Parkinson’s Patients to COVID-19 and Its Consequences and Effects on Them: A Systematic Review

Table 7

Symptoms and consequences of Parkinson’s patients with COVID-19.
Worsened symptomsReferencesTotal
[10][11][12][13][40][15][16][17][18][19][20][37][38]
1. Abnormalities of movement (motor functioning) + +    +   +4
 1.1. Tremor/shaking   +         1
 1.2. Walking troubles   +         1
 1.3. Gait and balance disturbances   +         1
 1.4. Bradykinesia   +         1
 1.5. Dyskinesia   +         1
 1.6. Rigidity (frigidity)   +         1
 1.7. Falling   +         1
 1.8. Disability        +    1
 1.9. Dystonia   +         1
 1.10. Freezing   +         1
2. Nonmotor functioning (psychiatric symptomatology)   +    +   +3
 2.1. Sensations (such as aches, cramps, and tingling)   +         1
 2.2. Thought disorders   +         1
 2.3. Distress/depression   +         1
 2.4. Anxiety and stress   +         1
 2.5. Cognitive dysfunction        +   +2
 2.6. Sleep disorders (insomnia)   +    +    2
 2.7. Speech disorders (stuttering)   +         1
 2.8. Mentation   +         1
 2.9. Mood disturbances (anger, irritability, and frustration) +      +   +3
 2.10. Dementia    +  +     2
3. Clinical outcomes (pain and cough)             —
 3.1. Pain+ ++    +    4
 3.2. Anorexia     +  +    2
 3.3. Fatigue        +    1
 3.4. Weakness +           1
 3.5. Fever+ +     +    3
 3.6. Hypertension          ++ 2
 3.7. Cough+    +  +    3
 3.8. Dyspnea+       +    2
 3.9. Headache+            1
 3.10. Constipation   +         1
 3.11. Diarrhea        +    1
 3.12. Smell loss        +   +2
 3.13. Vitamin D deficiency          +  1
 3.14. Urinary disorders   +    +    2
 3.15. Cardiac disease          +  1
 3.16. Cerebrovascular disease          +  1
 3.17. Diabetes          ++ 2
 3.18. Kidney disease          +  1
 3.19. Flu           + 1
 3.20. Lung disease            +1
4. Activities of daily living             —
 4.1. Salivation   +         1
 4.2. Hand writing   +         1
 4.3. Dressing   +         1
 4.4. Turning in bed   +         1
 4.5. Swallowing   +         1
 4.6. Cutting food   +         1
 4.7. Hygiene   +         1
 4.8. Autonomic            +1
5. Other outcomes             —
 5.1. Hospitalization +           1
 5.2. Mortality rate +    +   ++ 4
 5.3. Prevalence           + 1
 5.4. Case fatality           + 1
PD is risk factor (yes or no)NoYesNoNoNoYesNoNoYesYesYesUnclearYesYes: 6
No: 6
Unclear: 1