Research Article
Compliance with National and International Guidelines in the Treatment of Nonmotor Symptoms in Late-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Table 3
Pharmacological treatment of nonmotor symptoms in late-stage PD in relation to the recommendations of the priority rating in the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare’s guidelines and in the Swedish Movement Disorder Society’s guidelines (n = 107).
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
PD, Parkinson’s disease; q1–q3, first and third quartiles; NMSS, Nonmotor Symptoms Scale (0–360, higher = worse); D, domain (severity × frequency of each item of the domain are added together; each item is scored 0–12 (higher = worse), 2 missing. MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination (0–30, higher = better), 4 missing; GDS-30, geriatric depression scale (0–30, higher = worse), 7 missing; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; NaSSA, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants. NAv, information nonavailable. aSymptom present, individuals with score ≥1 on item of the NMSS scored 0–12 (higher = worse), if nothing else is stated. bSymptomatic individuals include those who score above the cutoff of ≥6 (moderate–severe) on item of the NMSS, if nothing else is stated. cDepressive symptoms based on GDS-30 cutoff for depression (≥10 points): symptom present 1–9 points, symptomatic individuals ≥10 points. dAnxiety score refer to (NMSS item 9) feel nervous, as no other specific data for anxiety was collected. ePsychotic symptoms scores refer to item 13 (hallucinations) and item 14 (delusions) of the NMSS. fDementia as assessed by the MMSE, cutoffs cognitive impairment ≤23/dementia ≤18 MMSE. gOrthostatic hypotension based on item 1 (lightheadedness) and item 2 (fainting) of the NMSS. hSiallorhea based on item 18 of the NMSS. iConstipation based on item 21 of the NMSS. jUrinary urgency/nocturia based on domain 7 of the NMSS. kInsomnia based on item 5 of the NMSS. lDaytime sleepiness based on item 3 of the NMSS. Priority according to the Swedish national guidelines (the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare’s guidelines and the Swedish movement disorder society’s guidelines on diagnosis and treatment of PD): Priority 1–4 (recommended/should be used), Priority 5–7 (can be used), Priority 8–10 (can be used as an exception), research and education (Swedish FoU): should be used only in the frame of clinical studies, non-do: should not be used. |