Research Article
Compliance with National and International Guidelines in the Treatment of Nonmotor Symptoms in Late-Stage Parkinson’s Disease
Table 4
Pharmacological treatment of nonmotor symptoms in late-stage PD in relation to the recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (n = 107).
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PD, Parkinson’s disease; q1–q3, first and third quartiles; MMSE, mini-mental state examination (0–30, higher = better); GDS-30, geriatric depression scale (0–30, higher = worse); SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; NaSSA, noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; TCA, tricyclic antidepressants; L-dopa, levodopa; DA, dopamine agonists; MAO-B, monoamine oxidase B. NAv, information nonavailable. Not available in Sweden. Table includes treatment rated by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society as clinically useful and possibly useful, while investigational and not useful treatments are not listed. aSymptom present, individuals with score ≥1 on item of the NMSS scored 0–12 (higher = worse), if nothing else is stated. bSymptomatic individuals include those who score above the cutoff of ≥6 (moderate–severe) on item of the NMSS, if nothing else is stated. cDepressive symptoms based on GDS-30 cutoff for depression (≥10 points): symptom present 1–9 points, symptomatic individuals ≥10 points. dIndication not known. eAnxiety score refer to (NMSS item 9) feel nervous, as no other specific data for anxiety was collected. fIndication not known. gPsychotic symptoms scores refer to item 13 (hallucinations) and item 14 (delusions) of the NMSS. hDementia as assessed by the MMSE, cutoffs cognitive impairment ≤23/dementia ≤18 MMSE. Treatment alternatives for cognitive impairment are all investigational and hence not listed. iSiallorhea based on item 18 of the NMSS. jOrthostatic hypotension refer to item 1 (lightheadedness) and item 2 (fainting) of the NMSS. kUrinary urgency/nocturia based on domain 7 of the NMSS. lConstipation based on item 21 of the NMSS. mIndication not known. nInsomnia based on item 5 of the NMSS. oIndication not known. pBoth individuals on Melatonin 2 mg qDaytime sleepiness based on item 3 of the NMSS. rPain based on item 27 of the NMSS. sFatigue based on item 4 of the NMSS. |