Association between Cognitive Impairment and Hippocampal Subfield Volumes in Multiple System Atrophy

Table 1

Demographic data and neuropsychological results of all groups.

Group	MSA-CI	MSA-CP	HC	value group comparison	value MSA-CI vs. MSA-CP	value MSA-CI vs. HC	value MSA-CP vs. HC
Total no	40	35	68
Sex (male/female)^a	24/16	21/14	23/45	0.007	1.000	0.008	0.011
Age (years, median, range)^b	70.8 (49–84)	57.2 (46–78)	66.4 (42–83)	<0.001	0.0226	0.0566	<0.001
Education (years, median, range)^b	12.0 (9–22)	13.0 (12–16)	14.0 (9–18)	0.004	0.0789	0.0038	0.4209
eTIV (mean ± SD)^c	1488487.5 ± 168621.4	1458655.3 ± 176432.5	1427808.7 ± 136626.6	0.148	NA	NA	NA
Disease subtype (MSA-C/MSA-P)^a	25/15	19/16	NA	0.471	NA	NA	NA
Disease duration (years, median, range)^d	1.6 (0.4–8.6)	1.9 (0.7–4.0)	NA	0.208	NA	NA	NA
UMSARS part 2 score (median, range)^d	14.0 (7–28)	13.0 (4–28)	NA	0.062	NA	NA	NA
FAB (median, range)^d	13.0 (5–14)	16.0 (15–18)	NA	<0.001	NA	NA	NA
ACE-III total score (median, range)^d	82.0 (57–95)	92.0 (77–98)	NA	<0.001	NA	NA	NA
Attention/orientation (median, range)^d	16.0 (11–18)	18.0 (15–18)	NA	<0.001	NA	NA	NA
Memory (median, range)^d	20.5 (9–26)	23.0 (15–26)	NA	<0.001	NA	NA	NA
Fluency (median, range)^d	8.0 (2–12)	11.0 (8–13)	NA	<0.001	NA	NA	NA
Language (median, range)^d	25.0 (15–26)	26.0 (22–26)	NA	0.001	NA	NA	NA
Visuospatial (median, range)^d	14.5 (6–16)	15.0 (13–16)	NA	0.004	NA	NA	NA
WMS-R indexes
Attention and concentration (mean ± SD)^e	89.5 ± 13.6	103.5 ± 12.6	NA	<0.001	NA	NA	NA
General memory (mean ± SD)^e	84.5 ± 15.2	94.6 ± 12.8	NA	0.003	NA	NA	NA
Verbal memory (mean ± SD)^e	84.4 ± 15.0	92.1 ± 12.7	NA	0.019	NA	NA	NA
Visual memory (median, range)^d	91.5 (54–121)	106.0 (61–121)	NA	0.003	NA	NA	NA
Delayed recall (mean ± SD)^e	83.5 ± 16.0	95.4 ± 14.9	NA	0.001	NA	NA	NA
SDS (mean ± SD)^e	43.8 ± 7.3	42.5 ± 7.5	NA	0.473	NA	NA	NA

MSA-CI, cognitively impaired multiple system atrophy; MSA-CP, cognitively preserved multiple system atrophy; eTIV, estimated total intracranial volume; SD, standard deviation; NA, not applicable; UMSARS, Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; ACE-III, Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III; WMS-R, Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised; SDS, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. ^aChi-squared test (post hoc chi-squared tests adjusted for multiple comparison: ). ^bNonparametric test (Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Steel–Dwass test). ^cParametric test (one-way ANOVA). ^dMann–Whitney U test. ^eStudent’s t-test.