Research Article

The Danish Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) Scale: Translation and Linguistic Validation

Table 2

Overview of comments from participants and changes made by the steering group.

ItemComments from participantsComments from steering groupSuggested wording from participantsDecision by steering group

2Needed to be read twice to understand the wording “Not knowing if” (4).

3The Danish wording “fylde for meget” (feeling overwhelmed) may hold both an emotional and a time dimension.The majority of participants understood the phrase “fylde for meget” as in “thinking a lot about it”.

3 and 18The wording of “min diabetesbehandling” (diabetes regimen) was unclear for two participants, who asked whether “min diabetesbehandling” referred to the isolated activity of taking insulin or going to the hospital, or whether “min diabetesbehandling” referred to the everyday task of taking care of their diabetes disease (8 and 9).It was unclear whether the statement “min diabetesbehandling” refers to taking medicine/going to the hospital, or if it refers to the everyday task of managing the diabetes care.They suggested “min daglige håndtering af diabetes” (my daily diabetes management) instead of “min diabetesbehandling”.Changes are required.
From “min diabetesbehandling” to “min daglige håndtering af diabetes”.

6 and 26The term “komplikationer” (complications) may refer to a language used in medical settings, whereas “senfølger” or “følgesygdomme” is a term closer to their everyday language.Six out of nine participants preferred the term “senfølger” or “følgesygdomme” to “komplikationer”.Changes are required.
From “komplikationer/følgesygdomme” to “følgesygdomme”

7Additionally, using the Danish terms “berørt” or “påvirket” for upset made most sense to the participants.All participants agreed on the use of the term “påvirket”; several argued that “berørt” was mostly related to being sad, while “påvirket” encompassed a greater variety of feelings or reactions, such as anger, frustration, and discouragement.

7It was unclear whether the translation of the metaphor “løber af sporet” (get off track) made sense and was understandable to the participants.All participants agreed that this metaphor described their experiences of losing control of their blood sugar level, i.e., when too high/low.

8The term “udbrændt” was difficult to understand and needed to be explained to one participant (1).Did the Danish term “udbrændt” (burned-out) correspond to the teenagers’ experiences of diabetes-related emotional distress? Was it comprehensible?Several participants were unsure of the meaning of the term “udbrændt” and instead suggested the terms “udmattet” (exhausted) or “udkørt” (worn out).Changes are required.
From “udbrændt” to “udkørt”

11Did the Danish wording “tage mig af min diabetes” (keep up with my daily diabetes tasks) make sense to the teenagers?The majority suggested to change the wording “tage mig af” (keep up with) to “passe min” (take care of).Changes are required.
From “tage mig af” to “passe min”

12Two participants highlighted the term “modløs” (discouraged) as difficult to understand, but they did understand the question due to the following term “opgivende” (defeated) (6 and 9).

12It was unclear whether the translated term “måleapparat” (meter) made sense to the participants.All participants agreed that “måleapparat” was the most accurate term.

13It was unclear whether the translated metaphor “diabetespolitiet” (diabetes police) made sense to the participants.All participants understood the metaphor in the sense of wanting to control and keeping an eye on their diabetes management.

15Was the term meaningful to the participants?All but one understood the wording as a perfection in their effort to manage their diabetes as in a dead straight blood sugar level at 6. Only one understood the question as if he had to be perfect to manage his diabetes.

16It was unclear whether the translated terms “glemmer” or “dropper” (missing) made most sense to the participants.All but one agreed that “glemmer” was the most accurate word since “dropper” refers to conscious action, which is represented in the following word “springer over” (skipping).

17It was unclear whether the translated terms “vildt” or “meget” (wildly) made most sense for the participants.All participants agreed that “meget” was the most accurate word.

24It was unclear whether the meaning of the item would be clearer if “uden for hjemmet” (outside of home) was added.The participants agreed that adding “uden for hjemmet” would clarify the meaning of the question.Changes are required.
Add “uden for hjemmet”

Numbers in parentheses refer to the participant making the comment.