Real-World Glycemic Improvements with Hybrid Closed Loop Pumps in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes

Table 3

Longitudinal change in HbA1c for first 12 months after starting Control IQ.

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
	Estimate (95% CI)	p-Value	Estimate (95% CI)	p-Value
Intercept			8.2 (7.35, 9.12)	<.0001
Time since baseline (30 day months)	−0.07 (−0.1, −0.04)	<0.0001	−0.09 (−0.12, -0.06)	<.0001
Minority (Black or Hispanic)	1.2 (0.52, 1.87)	0.001	0.61 (−0.07, 1.29)	0.08
Insurance (Public)	0.99 (0.37, 1.62)	0.002	0.61 (−0.01, 1.23)	0.05
Sex (female)	0.56 (0.05, 1.08)	0.03	0.45 (−0.004, 0.9)	0.05
Age at baseline (years)	0.002 (−0.07, 0.07)	0.95	−0.07 (−0.14, 0.01)	0.08
Duration of diabetes (years)	0.04 (−0.03, 0.1)	0.27	0.05 (−0.02, 0.12)	0.14
Documented inconsistent use of control IQ	1.83 (1.09, 2.57)	<0.0001	0.98 (0.17, 1.78)	0.02
Effect modification of inconsistent use on time since baseline	0.16 (0.07, 0.24)	0.0004	0.16 (0.07, 0.24)	0.0004

Note: Linear mixed-effects model with randomly varying intercept. All covariates are included in the adjusted model.