| | Newly diagnosed diabetes | Age group (in years) | p-Value | | 0 to less than 6 | 6 to less than 12 | 12 to less than 18 |
| | Number of episodes | 184 | 360 | 255 | | | Male sex1 | 87 (47.3) | 155 (43.1) | 146 (57.3) | 0.002 | | Maternal parental education1,2 | 0.39 | | High school/GED or less | 34 (27.2) | 76 (27.0) | 47 (26.7) | | | Some college/vocational school | 38 (30.4) | 82 (29.1) | 39 (22.2) | | | College degree or more | 53 (42.4) | 124 (44.0) | 90 (51.1) | | | Household income1,2 | 0.47 | | Less than $40,000 | 41 (33.6) | 91 (32.9) | 50 (27.8) | | | $40,000 to $99,999 | 45 (36.9) | 102 (36.8) | 62 (34.4) | | | $100,000 or more | 36 (29.5) | 84 (30.3) | 68 (37.8) | | | Clinical characteristics | | Headache at presentation1 | 3 (1.6) | 52 (14.4) | 40 (15.7) | <0.001 | | Clinically apparent cerebral injury1 | 5 (2.7) | 10 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.009 | | Laboratory results (baseline)3 | | BUN (mg/dL) | 15 (11, 20) | 13 (10, 17) | 12 (9, 16) | <0.001 | | Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 8 (5, 11) | 8 (6, 11) | 9 (7, 12) | 0.02 | | Creatinine Z-score (standard units) | 0.2 (0.0, 0.6) | 0.2 (−0.1, 0.7) | 0.3 (0.0, 0.9) | 0.07 | | Glucose (mg/dL) | 554 (468, 626) | 529 (435, 627) | 474 (380, 600) | <0.001 | | Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.7 (4.2, 5.1) | 4.4 (3.9, 4.9) | 4.2 (3.7, 4.8) | <0.001 | | Sodium corrected (mEq/L) | 139 (136, 145) | 140 (137, 144) | 140 (138, 145) | 0.16 | | pCO2 (mm Hg) | 23 (18, 27) | 24 (20, 28) | 26 (22, 30) | <0.001 | | pH | 7.20 (7.09, 7.27) | 7.20 (7.11, 7.26) | 7.20 (7.12, 7.26) | 0.79 |
| | Previously diagnosed diabetes |
| | Number of episodes | 29 | 223 | 628 | | | Male sex1 | 20 (69.0) | 110 (49.3) | 263 (41.9) | 0.004 | | Maternal parental education1,2 | 0.82 | | High school/GED or less | 6 (31.6) | 60 (37.3) | 175 (40.0) | | | Some college/vocational school | 9 (47.4) | 58 (36.0) | 157 (35.9) | | | College degree or more | 4 (21.1) | 43 (26.7) | 105 (24.0) | | | Household income1,2 | 0.47 | | Less than $40,000 | 11 (57.9) | 87 (52.4) | 244 (53.3) | | | $40,000 to $99,999 | 8 (42.1) | 59 (35.5) | 151 (33.0) | | | $100,000 or more | 0 (0.0) | 20 (12.0) | 63 (13.8) | | | Clinical characteristics | | Headache at presentation1 | 4 (13.8) | 43 (19.3) | 206 (32.8) | <0.001 | | Clinically apparent cerebral injury1 | 2 (6.9) | 4 (1.8) | 13 (2.1) | 0.19 | | Laboratory results (baseline)3 | | BUN (mg/dL) | 20 (15, 23) | 20 (17, 25) | 18 (14, 22) | <0.001 | | Bicarbonate (mEq/L) | 10 (7, 12) | 10 (7, 13) | 8 (6, 12) | 0.003 | | Creatinine Z-score (standard units) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.6 (0.3, 1.2) | 0.30 | | Glucose (mg/dL) | 376 (350, 527) | 485 (392, 600) | 500 (406, 600) | 0.004 | | Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.9 (4.4, 5.5) | 5.1 (4.7, 5.7) | 5.1 (4.6, 5.7) | 0.26 | | Sodium corrected (mEq/L) | 140 (137, 143) | 141 (138, 144) | 142 (139, 145) | 0.007 | | pCO2 (mm Hg) | 25 (22, 31) | 29 (24, 34) | 27 (22, 32) | 0.002 | | pH | 7.22 (7.13, 7.28) | 7.20 (7.13, 7.23) | 7.16 (7.08, 7.23) | <0.001 |
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1N (%) and p-values from Fisher’s exact tests are presented for categorical characteristics; median (25th and 75th percentile) and p-values from Wilcoxon rank sum tests are presented for all other characteristics. 2Maternal parental education and household income information were not collected for the retrospective cohort; number nonmissing and analyzed were (0–<6/6–<12/12–<18 years): (125/282/176) newly diagnosed and (19/161/437) previously diagnosed for maternal parental education, and (122/277/180) newly diagnosed and (19/166/458) previously diagnosed for household income. 3Baseline laboratory values were missing as follows (newly diagnosed 0–<6/6–<12/12–<18 years; previously diagnosed 0–<6/6–<12/12–<18 years): BUN (15/24/10; 2/17/29), bicarbonate (16/16/8; 1/8/19), creatinine (14/24/10; 3/18/31), glucose (5/8/6; 0/2/5), potassium (11/18/6; 0/8/14), sodium (10/16/10; 0/7/16), pCO2 (13/25/17; 1/10/29), pH (13/22/16; 0/11/26).
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