Clinical Characterization of Data-Driven Diabetes Clusters of Pediatric Type 2 Diabetes

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of clustering-based subgroups.

Characteristic	Cluster 1: higher A1c	Cluster 2: higher non-HDL	Cluster 3: lower A1c, lower age	Cluster 4: lower BMI, higher A1c	Cluster 5: higher age, lower A1c	p-Value
N (%)	102 (22.7%)	48 (10.7%)	131 (29.2%)	49 (10.9%)	119 (26.5%)
N female (%)	47 (58.8%)	23 (57.5%)	16 (41%)	32 (32.6%)	23 (23.2%)
Age at diagnosis, years	13.4 (12.0–14.8)	13.8 (12.6–15.1)	12.1 (11.0–12.9)	14.3 (13.3–15.8)	15.9 (15.1–17.1)	<0.001
BMI Z-score at diagnosis	2.2 (2.1–2.5)	2.5 (2.2–2.6)	2.5 (2.3–2.6)	1.4 (1.2–1.6)	2.4 (2.2–2.6)	<0.001
A1c at diagnosis, %	12.8 (11.7–13.6)	10.0 (7.4–11.4)	7.4 (6.8–8.6)	11.9 (10.5–13.5)	8.0 (7.0–9.5)	<0.001
Non-HDL cholesterol, mg/dL	124.1 (104.2–142.5)	197.5 (181.2–217.2)	131.0 (115.0–153.5)	136.0 (111.0–160.0)	125.0 (102.0–146.1)	<0.001

Note: Numbers in all tables are median (first quartile–third quartile).