Extremely Early Appearance of Islet Autoantibodies in Genetically Susceptible Children

Table 2

Frequencies of HLA genotypes according to the first-appearing islet autoantibody in children with extremely early islet autoimmunity by the age of 0.50 years.

	IAA only first, N (%)	GADA only first, N (%)	ZnT8A only first, N (%)	p-Value
DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8	5 (22.7%)	1 (10.0%)	3 (75.0%)	0.053
DR4-DQ8/non-DR3-DQ2	15 (68.2%)	5 (50.0%)	1 (25.0%)	0.26
DR3-DQ2/non-DR4-DQ8	2 (9.1%)	3 (30.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0.27

Note: Frequencies of children who had HLA DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8 heterozygosity, a genotype with DR4-DQ8 but without DR3-DQ2, or a genotype with DR3-DQ2 but without DR4-DQ8 in three groups with either insulin autoantibodies (IAA), autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), or antibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) appearing as the only first-appearing autoantibody, either confirmed or transient, by the age of 0.50 years. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the groups. (DRB10403 was not included in the DR4-DQ8 haplotype).