The Prevalence and Associated Factors of Impaired Fasting Glucose among Children and Adolescents in Urban China: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Basic characteristics of the study population (N = 7,143).
Variables
Total
Male
Female
p Value
Demographic
Sex, n (%)†
Male
3,629 (50.8)
—
—
—
Female
3,514 (49.2)
—
—
—
Age (year), M ± SD‡
11.33 ± 3.29
10.96 ± 3.12
11.11 ± 3.17
<0.001
Age group, n (%)†
7−9 years
2,757 (38.6)
1,405 (38.7)
1,352 (38.5)
0.964
10−14 years
2,449 (34.3)
1,239 (34.2)
1,210 (34.3)
15−18 years
1,937 (27.1)
985 (27.1)
952 (27.2)
Geographical location, n (%)†
Northern area
4,621 (64.7)
2,356 (64.9)
2,265 (64.5)
0.692
Southern area
2,522 (35.3)
1,273 (35.1)
1,249 (35.5)
Family environment
Paternal education level, n (%)†
None/primary
302 (4.2)
151 (4.2)
151 (4.3)
0.988
Secondary
5,070 (71.0)
2,549 (70.2)
2,521 (71.7)
University or above
1,297 (18.2)
649 (17.9)
648 (18.4)
Unknown
474 (6.6)
280 (7.7)
194 (5.5)
Maternal education level, n (%)†
None/primary
502 (7.0)
261 (7.2)
241 (6.9)
0.690
Secondary
5,042 (70.6)
2,522 (69.5)
2,520 (71.7)
University or above
1,120 (15.7)
559 (15.3)
561 (16.0)
Unknown
479 (6.7)
287 (2.9)
192 (5.5)
Family history of diabetes, n (%)†
Yes
1,684 (23.6)
839 (23.1)
845 (24.0)
0.931
No
4,339 (60.7)
2,156 (59.4)
2,183 (62.1)
Unknown
1,121 (15.7)
634 (17.5)
486 (13.8)
Anthropometric parameters, M ± SD
Height (cm)‡
149.3 ± 16.9
151.29 ± 18.65
147.26 ± 14.7
<0.001
Weight (kg)‡
43.9 ± 16.9
46.3 ± 18.8
41.5 ± 14.4
<0.001
BMI (kg/m2)‡
19.0 ± 4.17
19.4 ± 4.40
18.5 ± 3.86
<0.001
BMI z-score
0.00 ± 1.00
0.11 ± 1.01
−0.11 ± 0.93
<0.001
Weight status, n (%)†
Normal weight
4,755 (66.6)
2,138 (58.9)
2,617 (74.5)
<0.001
Overweight
1,115 (15.6)
642 (17.7)
473 (13.5)
Obesity
771 (10.8)
561 (15.5)
210 (6.0)
Wasting
268 (3.8)
146 (4.0)
123 (3.5)
Unknown
234 (3.3)
142 (4.0)
91 (2.6)
Biochemical indicators, M ± SD
TC (mmol/L)‡
4.08 ± 0.79
4.01 ± 0.79
4.15 ± 0.78
<0.001
TG (mmol/L)‡
0.91 ± 0.47
0.89 ± 0.46
0.93 ± 0.48
<0.001
HDL (mmol/L)‡
1.36 ± 0.33
1.35 ± 0.33
1.38 ± 0.33
<0.001
LDL (mmol/L)‡
2.21 ± 0.66
2.17 ± 0.65
2.25 ± 0.66
<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)‡
4.81 ± 0.53
4.87 ± 0.55
4.74 ± 0.49
<0.001
Physical activity, M ± SD
Vigorous intensity activity (min/day)‡
81.24 ± 88.35
81.59 ± 87.60
80.85 ± 89.20
0.808
Moderate intensity activity (min/day)‡
76.48 ± 80.58
76.18 ± 78.68
76.78 ± 82.49
0.813
Walking (min/day)‡
74.50 ± 76.66
75.72 ± 79.61
73.26 ± 73.52
0.231
Sedentary behavior (min/day)‡
366.55 ± 226.1
361.63 ± 224.53
371.47 ± 229.9
0.090
Dietary conditions (servings/day), M ± SD
Fruit‡
1.52 ± 0.87
1.50 ± 0.84
1.53 ± 0.90
0.187
Vegetables‡
2.01 ± 1.19
2.01 ± 1.20
2.02 ± 1.18
0.659
Meat‡
1.33 ± 0.88
1.34 ± 0.89
1.32 ± 0.87
0.485
Sugar-sweetened beverages‡
1.24 ± 0.69
1.26 ± 0.74
1.22 ± 0.64
0.110
Note: TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density cholesterol; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; BMI, body mass index. †Categorical variables. ‡Continuous variables. Male vs. female, Chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables. P values <0.05 are presented in bold.
