Elevated Serum IgA at Onset of Type 1 Diabetes in Children
Table 2
Comparison of clinical and laboratory characteristics in children with new onset T1D with normal vs. elevated serum IgA.
Characteristics at diagnosis of T1D
Normal IgA (N = 484)
High IgA (N = 128)
p-Value
Male: % (N)
51% (245)
58% (74)
0.15
Median age (years)
10.1 (6.9–13.0)
8.9 (5.0–11.8)
0.007
IgA at diagnosis (mg/dL)
143 (101–186)
300 (226–358)
<0.001
Pubertal development stage: % (N)
—
—
0.64
Prepubertal
58% (261)
65% (75)
—
Race/ethnicity: % (N)
—
—
<0.001
Non-Hispanic White
63% (302)
40% (48)
—
Hispanic
16% (76)
38% (45)
—
African American
16% (74)
17% (21)
—
Asian
4% (18)
5% (6)
—
Mixed
1% (7)
0% (0.00)
—
Glucose (mg/dL)
356 (256–495)
416 (341–548)
<0.001
HbA1c (%)
11.8 (10.2–13.4)
12.4 (10.8–13.9)
0.016
C-peptide, random (ng/mL)
0.42 (0.26–0.71)
0.4 (0.30–0.68)
0.27
pH
7.34 (7.22–7.38)
7.29 (7.16–7.36)
<0.001
BOHB (mmol/L)
3.8 (1.2–7.5)
6.4 (3.0–8.6)
<0.001
Bicarbonate (mmol/L)
20 (11.2–25)
15 (8.5–21.5)
<0.001
DKA: % (N)
33% (153)
47% (57)
0.006
IA-2A levels (U/mL)
8.6 (1.4–24.4)
8.6 (2.1–20.8)
0.93
IA-2A positivity: % (N)
79% (377)
83% (105)
0.23
GADA levels (IU/mL)
5.20
4.80
0.36
GADA positivity: % (N)
83% (402)
74% (93)
0.021
IAA (U/mL)
0.3 (0.3–0.9)
0.4 (0.3–2.4)
0.038
IAA positivity: % (N)
35% (167)
47% (59)
0.013
Number of positive islet autoantibodies: % (N)
—
—
0.82
0
4% (17)
2% (3)
—
1
22% (103)
19% (24)
—
2
49% (235)
50% (63)
—
3
26% (122)
28% (35)
—
tTG IgA positivity: % (N)
10% (50)
15% (19)
0.14
tTG IgA levels (U/mL)
4 (2–8)
7 (4–12)
<0.001
Thyroid antibody positivity: % (N)
49% (229)
59% (74)
0.037
a (b − c) represents the median a, the lower quartile b, and the upper quartile c for continuous variables. Statistically significant p-values in bold ().
