Virus Infection-Induced Bronchial Asthma Exacerbation

Table 2

Inhibitory effects of drugs or agents on the production of cytokines, mediators, and substances induced by virus infection.

Viruses	Sample(s) and specimen(s)	Reference number	Cytokines, mediators, and substances
RV	Corticosteroids
	Fluticasone	[33]	CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10 (IP-10)
		[34]	IL-6
	Budesonide	[35]	CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL8 (IL-8), CXCL10 (IP-10), IL-6, FGF, VEGF
	Dexamethasone	[36]	IL-1, IL-6, L-8, TNF-α, ICAM-1
	β 2 agonists
	Salmeterol	[33]	CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL10 (IP-10)
	Formoterol	[35]	CXCL8 (IL-8), FGF
	Procaterol	[39]	IL-1, IL-6, L-8, ICAM-1
	Anticholinergics
	Tiotropium	[40]	IL-1, IL-6, L-8, ICAM-1
	Other drugs or agents
	Erythromycin,; carbocisteine,; lansoprazole,; or hochu-ekki-to	[37, 38]; [45, 46]	IL-1, IL-6, L-8, TNF-α, ICAM-1
	Nitric oxide	[47]	CXCL10 (IP-10)
	IFN-β	[48]	IL-6, CCL5 (RANTES), CXCL10 (IP-10)
Flu	Clarithromycin or carbocisteine	[55, 56]	IL-1, IL-6, L-8
RSV	Clarithromycin or carbocisteine	[61, 77]	IL-1, IL-6, L-8

RV: rhinovirus; Flu: influenza virus; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; IL: interleukin.
Other nonstandard abbreviations are described in the text.