Periodontal Diseases: Major Exacerbators of Pulmonary Diseases?

Table 1

Summary of dental treatment and pulmonary outcomes.

Pulmonary diseases	Effects of dental treatment
Asthma	(i) Hypersensitivity reactions to colophony [120] and sodium metabisulfite [121]; (ii) Asthma exacerbations due to aerosols from ultrasonic handpieces, tooth enamel dust, dental material residues, and supine positioning for an extended time [119, 122, 123]
COPD	(i) Decrease in COPD exacerbations [125, 126]
Infections	(i) Transmission of Pseudomonas infections [127]; (ii) Reduction in nosocomial infections [128]
Aspiration-linked pulmonary outcomes	(i) Pneumothorax [129]; (ii) Atelectasis [130]; (iii) Hyperinflation [129]; (iv) Bronchiectasis [131]