Prevalence and Patterns of Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Indian Heart Failure Population

Table 2

Demographic and clinical characteristics between HFrEF and HFpEF.

		HFREF, (%)	HFPE, (%)	value ()
Gender	Male sex	36 (63.15%)	27 (58.69%)	1.00
NYHA	II	29 (50.87%)	32 (69.56%)	0.04
	III	21 (36.84%)	12 (26.08%)
	IV	7 (12.28%)	2 (4.34%)
Etiology	Ischemic type	44 (77.19%)	30 (65.21%)	0.512
Drugs	BB	16 (28.07%)	14 (30.43%)	0.664
	ACEI/ARB	10 (17.54%)	7 (15.21%)	1.00
	Diuretics	44 (77.19%)	19 (41.30%)	0.002
	MRA	23 (40.35%)	1 (2.17%)	<0.001
	ARNI	9 (15.78%)	0 (0%)	0.009
Comorbidities	T2DM	37 (64.91%)	24 (52.17%)	0.425
	HTN	24 (42.1%)	29 (63.04%)	0.017
	Dyslipidemia	17 (29.82%)	16 (34.78%)	0.398
	Hypothyroidism	7 (12.28%)	5 (10.86%)	1.00
	CKD	7 (12.28%)	2 (4.34%)	0.294
	AF	4 (7.01%)	7 (15.21%)	0.198
Symptoms	Snoring	16 (28.07%)	22 (47.82%)	0.02
	SOB during sleep	15 (26.31%)	16 (34.78%)	0.280
	Daytime sleepiness	18 (31.57%)	17 (36.95%)	0.408
ESS	<10	21 (36.84%)	19 (41.30%)	0.838
	≥10	36 (63.15%)	27 (58.69%)
STOP BANG risk	Low risk	26 (45.61%)	7 (15.21%)	0.006
	Intermediate risk	26 (45.61%)	31 (67.39%)
	High risk	5 (8.77%)	8 (17.39%)
Berlin Q	High risk	20 (35.08%)	23 (50%)	0.072
	Low risk	37 (64.91%)	23 (50%)

HFREF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; BB: beta blockers; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blockers; MRA: mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists; ARNI: angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; HTN: hypertension; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AF: atrial fibrillation; SOB: shortness of breath; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; Q: questionnaire.