The PPAR-𝜸 Agonist 15-Deoxy-𝚫^12,14-Prostaglandin J₂ Attenuates Microglial Production of IL-12 Family Cytokines: Potential Relevance to Alzheimer's Disease

Figure 1

15d-PGJ₂ inhibits IL-1𝛽 expression by A𝛽_1-42 plus LPS-activated microglia. (a) Primary mouse microglial cells were pretreated for 1 hour with 15d-PGJ₂ (2.5𝜇M). A𝛽_1-42 (5𝜇M), LPS (10 ng/mL), or A𝛽_1-42 (5𝜇M) plus LPS (10 ng/mL) was added as indicated, and 24 hours later, the concentration of IL-1𝛽 in the culture medium was determined. Values represent the mean ± s.e.m for a representative experiment run in triplicate. At least three independent experiments were conducted. (b) Cells were pretreated for 1 hour with 15d-PGJ₂ (2.5𝜇M). A𝛽_1-42 (10𝜇M), LPS (5 ng/mL), or A𝛽_1-42 (10𝜇M) plus LPS (5 ng/mL) was added as indicated, and 6 hours later, total RNA was isolated. IL-1𝛽 mRNA levels were determined by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Results are expressed as fold inductions in GAPDH normalized mRNA values versus levels in LPS-treated cells. Values are mean ± s.e.m of six samples derived from three independent experiments, with each experiment performed in duplicate. ^∗∗𝑃<.01 and ^∗∗∗𝑃<.001 versus A𝛽_1-42 + LPS-treated cultures.

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