The PPARα/γ Agonist, Tesaglitazar, Improves Insulin Mediated Switching of Tissue Glucose and Free Fatty Acid Utilization In Vivo in the Obese Zucker Rat

Table 5

Body weights, plasma factors, and whole body glucose and FFA metabolic turnover parameters in Lean, Obese, and Tesaglitazar groups of Zucker rats studied under basal and clamp conditions used in Study 3.

Group	Lean		Obese		Tesaglitazar
State	Basal	ClampL	Basal	ClampL	Basal	ClampL
Body weight (g)	407±11^∗∗∗	405±20	603±14	582±18	666±30	664±27
Insulin (nM)	0.74±0.16^∗∗∗	1.10±0.10	5.88±0.67	13.61±2.60^†	0.67±0.07^∗∗∗	2.25±0.10^‡
FFA (mM)	0.42±0.03^∗∗∗	0.08±0.01	0.89±0.05	0.63±0.09	0.81±0.04	0.10±0.01^‡‡
𝐾𝑓𝑎 (mL/min)	17.4±2.1	25.8±1.5	20.7±2.3	28.3±1.6	38.4±2.2^∗∗∗	47.1±2.5
𝑅𝑓𝑎 (µmol/min)	7.2±1.0^∗∗∗	2.0±0.1	18.9±2.8	18.1±3.2	31.0±3.0^∗	4.6±0.5^‡‡‡
Glucose (mM)	7.4±0.2^∗∗	7.7±0.3	11.1±1.0	11.6±1.3	11.8±0.5	10.0±0.4
GIR (µmol/min)	0	26.1±2.4	0	8.9±2.7^†††	0	66.9±9.2^‡‡‡
𝑅𝑑 (µmol/min)	19.0±2.2^∗∗	47.6±1.2	36.0±3.5	41.2±2.0^††	36.2±3.1	101.8±6.9^‡‡

Results are mean ± SE (𝑛 = 6–9). Zucker rats were studied in the 5 h fasted state. Groups of animals were studied either in the basal state or during isoglycemic clamps performed at physiological levels of hyperinsulinemia suited to each group (insulin infusion rates as for ClampL in Study 2, defined in Table 3). Basal state differences; ^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, and ^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001 versus obese. Response to insulin (ClampL-Basal) differences; ^†𝑃<0.05, ^††𝑃<0.01, and ^†††𝑃<0.001 Obese versus Lean, ^‡𝑃<0.05, ^‡‡𝑃<0.01, and^‡‡‡𝑃<0.001 Tesaglitazar versus Obese.